内蒙古自治区X射线放射诊断所致受检者辐射剂量的研究  

Investigation and analysis of doses to examined patients from diagnostic radiology in Inner Mongolia

作　　者：韩晓璐[1] 王海玲[2] 王成国[2] 许潇[2] 格日勒满达呼 

机构地区：[1]鄂尔多斯市中心医院感染控制科,017000 [2]内蒙古疾病预防控制中心,呼和浩特010031

出　　处：《中华放射医学与防护杂志》2016年第11期842-846,共5页Chinese Journal of Radiological Medicine and Protection

基　　金：卫生行业科研专项资助项目（201002009）

摘　　要：目的 通过对1 247例X射线放射诊断致受检者入射体表剂量（ESD）的测量与计算，掌握内蒙古自治区放射诊断受检者所受辐射剂量的实际水平。方法 采用多阶段抽样的方法对不同地区、不同级别医院的X射线放射诊断所致受检者辐射剂量进行采样。采用专用热释光剂量计对辐射剂量的相关指标进行测量，通过相关公式或标准直线对辐射剂量的表征量进行计算并建立数据库，用SPSS 13.0软件对数据进行分析。结果 三级医院各部位ESD的P75值均未超过指导水平参考值；除腹部平片外，其他部位的受检者ESD值在不同级别医院的差异均有统计学意义（H=6.32~11.91，P〈0.05）。DR照射下，受检者ESD的P75值明显低于CR和普通X射线照射；除腰椎正位、腰椎侧位以及腹部摄影外的其他部位的ESD值在不同类型设备的差异均有统计学意义（H=7.24~13.16，P〈0.05）。 结论 内蒙古自治区部分放射诊断检查受检者所受辐射剂量高于国标中医疗照射指导水平值。Objective To ascertain the levels of radiation exposure from diagnostic radiology in Inner Mongolia through measuring and calculating the entrance surface dose （ESD） from X-ray diagnosis of 1 247 examined patients. Methods Samples from different regional hospitals were gathered through multi-stage sampling, The related indexes were measured using special instruments, together with the characteristic constants of radiation dose calculated by relevant formulas or standard line, the database established, and the data analysis made using SPSS 13.0. Results The ESD values to all parts of examined patient bodies at three levels of hospitals were lower than the guidance level. Except abdomen, there were statistical differences in the EDS values to other parts of examined patients （H=6.32-11.91, P〈0.05） between different levels of hospitals. For DR examination, the examined patient＇s ESD P75 values significantly lower than those of CR and conventironal X-ray examinations. There was statistically significant diffenence in ESD values between the different instruments （H=7.85-13.16, P〈0.05）, except the lumber PA, lumbar LAT and abdomen. Conclusions Doses to the patients undergoing radiological diagnostic examination are partly higher than the guidance level for medical exposure given in the National Standares GB 18871-2002.

关 键 词：X射线 入射体表剂量 指导水平参考值 

分 类 号：R814.2[医药卫生—影像医学与核医学]