南黄海中、古生界地震波场反射特征模拟与采集技术攻关  

Seismic wave field simulation for reflection characteristics and technology study on seismic acquisition of Mesozoic-Paleozoic in the South Yellow Sea

作　　者：熊忠 张敏强 高顺莉 陈华 魏赟 

机构地区：[1]中海石油(中国)有限公司上海分公司,上海200335

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2016年第5期2172-2180,共9页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：国家科技重大专项课题"近海中古生界残留盆地特征及油气潜力"(2011ZX05023-003)资助

摘　　要：南黄海中部隆起发育巨厚的中、古生界海相碳酸盐岩地层,油气勘探前景良好,但地震资料品质差,中、古生界地震数据信噪比低导致残留盆地构造落实困难,长期制约南黄海油气资源潜力评价研究.本文首先运用有限差分方法开展南黄海中、古生界海相地层地震波场反射特征模拟分析,认为中部隆起浅层存在强反射屏蔽层、多次波特别发育、深层有效反射能量弱是影响地震成像质量的主要原因.为了从采集环节提高原始数据质量,引进立体震源激发、双检波器接收、宽线采集和海底电缆等新技术,从震源端、接收端和观测系统几方面进行技术优化组合,联合发挥新采集技术的优势,使用立体震源拖缆宽线采集和海底电缆双检宽线采集技术在南黄海中部隆起分别开展采集方法试验,获得的新资料中、古生界地震反射信噪比和分辨率比以往的老资料更高,成像品质更好,表明新技术值得进一步推广应用.It is believed that Mesozoic-Paleozoic marine carbonate sedimentary strata is widely distributed and has a great thickness in central uplift region of South Yellow Sea basin, so it bears enormous hydrocarbon potential. However, the quality of seismic data in central uplift is extremely weak, and S/N of Mesozoic-Paleozoic seismic data is rather low. Because of these disadvantages, it is very difficult to establish tectonic feature of residual basin in SYS and assess the petroleum exploration potential. The authors created a numerical model of Mesozoie-Paleozoic marine facies sedimentary stratum in SYS firstly, then analyzed seismic wave field reflection characteristics by using finite difference method. There are several reasons which reduced reflection imaging effect of seismic data, including strong shielding layer in shallow depth of central uplift, intense multiple energy, weak effective reflection energy from deep stratum, and so on. In order to improve quality of original data from seismic acquisition stage, a number of new techniques were introduced, such as tridimensional source, dual-sensor, wide line acquisition and ocean bottom cable. For developing superiorities of new technologies roundly, these seismic acquisition techniques were optimized and integrated from several aspects, refer to source, receiver and geometry. Then, wide line towed streamer with tridimensional source and wide line OBC with dual-sensor were tentatively applied at central uplift in SYS. The S/N and resolution of new seismic data in Mesozoic-Paleozoic stratum were much higher than old data, and result of seismic imaging was improved observably. So it＇ s very necessary to popularize and utilize these new techniques further.

关 键 词：南黄海 中、古生界 地震波场模拟 立体震源 双检波器接收 宽线采集 海底电缆 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探] P738[天文地球—地质学]