论诗用代字  

The Usage of Metonymy Words in Poetry

作　　者：崔现芳[1] CUI Xian-fang(School of Humanities, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院,北京100084

出　　处：《石家庄学院学报》2017年第1期77-83,共7页Journal of Shijiazhuang University

摘　　要：代字是依据事物间的相似或相关的原则,用与人、事、物有关的词语代替其人、其事、其物,在诗文中多是以新颖、形象的表达代替通常的说法,从而达到美化语言和更好地传达情味的效果。根据对代字使用情况的调查,将诗歌中的代字区分为四种类型:第一,摹拟事物的性状情态,作为原词的替身。第二,借代,以与本名有关的东西来代替本名。第三,借喻,用喻体来代本体。第四,用典,征引事物故实,以代事物之名称。代字的功能主要体现在修辞策略、情感需求和认知策略三个方面。我国诗歌使用代字的历史源远流长。代字的生存形态可大致区分为无法挽救的死代字、仍可激活的睡眠代字、最具生命力的活泼代字三种。Metonymy words can be defined as using words related to the people or things to replace the people and the things according to the principle of similarity and semantic relevance. Instead of the usual way, the new and visual expression in poetry can beautify language and better convey the flavor.Metonymy words can be classified as four kinds according to the usage of them in the poetry. Firstly, being a substitute of original word by simulating; secondly, metonymy-taking something related to be the original one; thirdly, metaphor-using the metaphorical objects to stand the original objects; fourthly, allusionquoting stories about the object instead of using its name. The function of metonymy words are mainly reflected in three aspects： rhetorical strategies, emotional needs and cognitive strategies. China＇s poetry has a long history of using metonymy words. The form of survival words can be roughly divided into three kinds：the dead, the sleep and the vitality.

关 键 词：代字 类型 功能 源流 常用代字 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]