温湿度与光照对葡萄霜霉病菌孢子囊萌发及存活的影响  

Effects of Temperature,Humidity and Illumination on the Germination and Survival of Sporangia of Downy Mildew of Grapes

作　　者：李卓[1] 金恭玺[1] 郎宁[1] 孙琦[1] 任毓忠[1] 赵宝龙[1] 张莉[1] 李国英[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学绿洲农作物病害防治重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2016年第11期2090-2097,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业专项(201203035)~~

摘　　要：【目的】研究温湿度、光照对葡萄霜霉病菌孢子囊萌发及存活的影响,为葡萄霜霉病的预报与防治提供理论依据。【方法】通过人工控制温湿度、光照等三因子交叉试验设计和人工接种叶盘的方法,明确孢子囊萌发的条件及存活的气象因子。【结果】孢子囊只有在水中才能够萌发并释放游动孢子,最适萌发温度是18~22℃。孢子囊的存活与温度,湿度,光照有较密切的关系,在35℃,70%和100%湿度条件下,孢子囊只能存活3 d。而在10~20℃各个湿度条件下,无论完全光照、完全黑暗或光暗交替孢子囊都可存活6 d以上。用干瘪的孢子囊接菌叶盘,仍然发病,说明不能用干瘪孢子囊作为孢子囊死亡的标志。孢子囊经0.58×102μW/cm2的紫外光照射5 h、直射光照射8 h就死亡,但散射光照射10 h孢子囊仍然存活。【结论】孢子囊只有在水中才能萌发,水是孢子囊萌发的决定性因素;萌发的最适温度为18~22℃;孢子囊对紫外光比较敏感,在光照强度为65 000~107 100 lx的直射光下8 h孢子囊就死亡。【Objective】The objective of this project is to study the effects of climate factors on the germination and survival of grape downy mildew sporangia,and provide the theoretical basis to control the disease.【Method】The survival and germination of sporangium was researched by controlling temperature,humidity,light and other climatic factors.【Result】The results showed that sporangia could germinate in water and release zoospores,and the optimum germination temperature was approximately 18-22℃. Sporangia survival was related to temperature,humidity,and light. At 35℃ and relative humidity of either 70% or 100%,sporangia died within three days. Sporangia survived for more than six days at 10-20℃,regardless of light conditions. Disease was observed when these shriveled sporangia were inoculated onto leaf discs. This indicated that shriveled sporangia cannot be used as an indicator whether the sporangia were dead or not. Sporangia were dead after illumination with 0. 58 × 102μW / cm2 of ultraviolet light for 5 h. The sporangium did not germinate and was not pathogenic after exposure to 8 h direct light. The sporangium survived with 10 h irradiance of scattered light.【Conclusion】Sporangia could germinate in water and release zoospores,and the optimum germination temperature is about to 18-22℃; the sporangium was sensitive to ultraviolet light. At the direct light intensity of 65,000-107,100 lx,the sporangium would die in 8 hours.

关 键 词：葡萄霜霉病 温湿度与光照 孢子囊 萌发 存活 

分 类 号：S436.64[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]