施用钾肥对转基因棉花邯棉559黄萎病及产量的影响  

Effect of Potassium Fertilizer on Verticillium Wilt and Yield of Transgenic Cotton Hanmian 559

作　　者：张清华[1] 班战军 刘淑红[1] 杨保新[1] 梁丽鹏[1] 李翠芳[1] 肖磊[1] 李丽丽[1] ZHANG Qing-hua BAN Zhan-jun LIU Shu-hong YANG Bao-xin LIANG Li-peng LI Cui-fang XIAO Lei LI Li-li(Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Handan 056001, China)

机构地区：[1]邯郸市农业科学院,河北邯郸056001

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2016年第4期34-36,共3页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家棉花产业技术体系冀南综合试验站项目(CARS-18-28)

摘　　要：施用钾肥能增强植株的抗病性,防止棉花早衰,提高棉花产量。为了探索实现常规棉高产的适宜施钾水平,以转基因常规棉邯棉559为试材,设氯化钾施肥量0(不施肥,CK)、60、120、180、240kg/hm^2计5个处理,在最佳施肥方式(基施和花铃期追施各占50%)和最佳种植密度(60 000株/hm^2)条件下,研究了不同施钾量对棉花黄萎病发病株率和霜前花产量的影响。结果表明:邯棉559对钾肥需求十分敏感,施用钾肥能有效降低棉花黄萎病的发生程度,显著促进棉花总铃数和单铃重的增加,明显提高棉花产量,且效果均随施钾量的增加而逐渐提高,其中,施钾量≤180 kg/hm^2时,不同施钾量处理的效果差异均达到了显著水平;当施钾量>180 kg/hm^2时,继续加大施肥水平,增效作用不再明显。本研究条件下,邯棉559的氯化钾经济施肥量为180 kg/hm^2时,该处理下,棉花黄萎病发病株率为14.0%,较CK降低65.85%;霜前花产量为4 563.2 kg/hm^2,较CK增产35.47%。Application of potassium fertilizer can enhance the resistance of plants,to prevent cotton premature senescence,increase the yield of cotton. In order to explore the conventional cotton high yield of appropriate levels of potassium and taking transgenic conventional cotton Hanmian 559 as experimental material, the potassium chloride fertilizer were 0（no fertilizer, CK）, 60, 120, 180, 240 kg/hm2, in the best fertilization mode（infrastructure and flowering stage after applying each accounted for 50%） and the optimum planting density（60 000 plants/hm2）, the effects of different potassium fertilizer on diseased plant rate of cotton verticillium wilt and yield were studied. The results showed that Hanmian 559 of potash demand was very sensitive facilities,potassium fertilizer could effectively reduce the occurrence degree of cotton verticillium wilt,remarkably improve the total boll number and boll weight,significantly increase the yield of cotton and the effect increased with the increasing of the amount of potassium application gradually,the potassium was equal to or less than 180 kg/hm2,differential effects of different amount of potassium treatment have reached the significant level,when the amount of potassium fertilizer exceed 180 kg/hm2,continue to increase fertilizer level, synergistic effect was no longer obvious. Under the con ditions of this study,Hanmian 559 chloride potassium fertilizer application for 180 kg/hm2, under the treatment,cotton verticillium strains was 14.0%, compared with CK decreased 65.85%,the output was 4 563.2 kg/hm2 and increased by 35.47% compared with CK.

关 键 词：钾肥 施肥量 邯棉559 黄萎病 发病株率 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]