我国四省听力障碍流行现况调查  

Prevalence of hearing disorders in China： a population-based survey in four provinces of China

作　　者：胡向阳[1] 郑晓瑛[2] 马芙蓉[3] 龙墨[1] 韩睿[1] 周丽君[1] 王芳[1] 宫蕊[2] 潘滔[3] 张绍兴[3] 杜波[4] 金鹏[4] 郭翠瑛 郑亿庆[6] 刘敏[7] 何丽辉[8] 邱建华[9] 许珉[10] 宋蕾 徐学海[12] 刘晓雯[13] 王淑萍 

机构地区：[1]中国聋儿康复研究中心,北京100029 [2]北京大学人口研究所,北京100871 [3]北京大学第三医院耳鼻咽喉科,100191 [4]吉林大学第一医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,长春130021 [5]吉林省聋儿语言听力康复中心,长春130052 [6]中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,广州510120 [7]中山大学附属第一医院耳鼻咽喉科医院,广州510080 [8]广东省残疾人康复中心,广州510055 [9]西京医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,西安710032 [10]西安交通大学第二附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,西安710004 [11]陕西省听力语言康复中心,西安710016 [12]兰州军区总医院耳鼻咽喉科,兰州730050 [13]兰州大学第二医院耳鼻咽喉科,730030 [14]甘肃省听力语言康复中心,兰州730050

出　　处：《中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志》2016年第11期819-825,共7页Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery

基　　金：中国残疾人联合会2014-2015年度残疾人事业理论与实践研究课题（2014＆ZZ028）

摘　　要：目的 以我国吉林、广东、陕西、甘肃四省全人群为基础,描述、分析听力障碍现患规模、严重程度和分布特征.方法 依据《世界卫生组织耳病和听力障碍调查方案》,选择有典型代表性的四个省（覆盖人口194 668 061人）,采用容量比例概率抽样方法,随机抽取144个调查点,于2014年8月至2015年9月,对所有调查点内随机抽取的调查对象实施听力检测、耳镜检查和问卷调查.听力障碍诊断标准采用世界卫生组织推荐标准.结果 抽样47511人,实查45052人（应答率94.82％）.听力障碍标准化现患率为15.84％,中度以上（致残性）听力障碍的标准化现患率为5.17％,听力障碍者中近50％未发觉自身患有听力障碍或不确定自身听力障碍的发生时间.不同年龄、性别、地区、职业、婚姻状态、文化程度人口的听力障碍现患率存在明显差异.听力障碍现患率随年龄升高而显著升高,0-14岁组听力障碍现患率为0.85％,75岁及以上组听力障碍现患率为78.21％.听力障碍者中,60岁以上老年人占到55.31％.男性、低教育水平、丧偶者以及工人、农民中听力障碍现患率相对较高.结论 我国四省听力障碍现患水平高,患病“隐蔽”,人口自然特征和经济社会因素对听力障碍现患率有显著影响.Objective To investigate the prevalence,severity of hearing disorders and demographics of people with hearing disorders based on the whole population in Jilin,Guangdong,Shannxi and Gansu provinces in China.Methods According to ＆quot; WHO Ear and Hearing Disorders Survey Protocol＆quot;,144 clusters were chosen with probability proportional sampling （PPS） method from the four provinces covering 194,688,061 residents.Audiological test,otological examination and questionnaire surveying were conducted for all samples from August,2014 to September,2015.The hearing disorders were classified according to WHO criteria and classification.Results Among 47 511 targeted residents,45,052 individuals （94.82% response rate） participated in the survey.The standardized prevalence rates of hearing disorders and disabling hearing disorders were 15.84 % and 5.17 % respectively.Almost 50% of people with hearing disorders had no awareness of it or its starting time.There was significant difference in the prevalence among people of different ages,genders,occupations,provinces,marital status and education levels.The prevalence of hearing disorders increased significantly as age grew.People above 60 years old occupied 55.31% of the total hearing disorders.The prevalence of hearing disorders among male,people of low education and those who lost husband or wife,as well as workers and farmers was relatively higher.Conclusions The prevalence of hearing disorders is high,and hearing disorders are ＆quot; invisible＆quot; Demographics and socioeconomic factors significantly influence the prevalence of hearing disorders.

关 键 词：听力障碍 流行病学研究 

分 类 号：R764[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]