英国前商业时代的国际贸易焦虑——莎士比亚《错误的喜剧》的经济病理学  

Anxieties About International Commerce in Pre-Commerce Age:The Economic Pathology in The Comedy of Errors

作　　者：陶久胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]南昌大学外国语学院

出　　处：《国外文学》2016年第4期61-71,共11页Foreign Literatures

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"英国16;17世纪文学中的疾病意识与国家焦虑研究"(项目编号:16BWW056);江西省高校人文社会科学研究项目"英国16;17世纪文学的疾病叙事研究"(项目编号:WGW1515);南昌大学博士启动基金(项目编号:06301178)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：16世纪英国的国际贸易额大幅度增长,随之出现的经济学文献对此持矛盾立场。商业被看成伦理学子集,商人主体必须对商品交易负起道德责任,但作为一种新出现的准科学概念,商业也被理解为一种与道德无关的、任何个人和民族必须屈从的全球化体系。这种断裂式阐释映射出当时医学话语关于疾病的争论:疾病可归因于身体内在爱欲的无节制,也可由与传染性的外部身体接触所致。《错误的喜剧》的梅毒话语帮助莎士比亚探讨国际贸易潜在的损伤商人身体和危害国家政治身体的双重堕落意义,表达了前商业时代的英国对无节制的个人爱欲和对国际贸易带来的潜在国内财政危机的焦虑。In the sixteenth century,English international commerce developed rapidly and its economical literature emerged simultaneously,which held contradictory attitudes towards this growth of commerce. Commerce was regarded as a subset of ethics,and the merchants were required to be morally responsible for commodity exchange,but as a new quasi-scientific concept,commerce was also understood as an amoral global system any person and nation needed to obey. This fragmentary understanding reflected the early modern medical controversy on disease; that is,disease can be attributed to intemperance of corporeal desires and to the contact with a contagious foreign body. Infectious syphilis in The Comedy of Errors helps Shakespeare explore the double meanings of international commerce: the potential damage of both the body of merchants and the national body politic.

关 键 词：《错误的喜剧》 经济病理学 梅毒 国际贸易 前商业时代 

分 类 号：I561.073[文学—其他各国文学]