一种新型的地质样品分离技术:电力学崩解法的工作原理及应用前景  

A New Separation Technology of Geological Samples:Working Principles and Application Prospects of Electrodynamic Disaggregation Method

作　　者：吴晗[1] 刘嵘[1] 钟志华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)地球科学学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《地质科技情报》2016年第6期257-261,共5页Geological Science and Technology Information

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41130315)

摘　　要：电力学崩解法是一种新型环保、高效、零混染的样品分离技术。该方法借助高频率变化的高压电场,在固体内部诱导形成电场畸变,进而在强畸变域内形成电场破坏,催生毛细管状放电网络,最终导致等离子体通道的急剧膨胀,产生张性破裂,实现矿物相之间的分离。相较于传统机械碎样法,该方法具有无尘环保、杜绝混染,微损耗、高回收,最大程度保留目标对象的粒度和形貌特征,以及低能耗的优势。目前该设备在地学及其相关领域已初步应用于珍贵样品的单矿物分离、矿物材料特性的改善、特殊材料的回收利用,以及古生物样品的完整提取等方面,更多的应用尚待开发。Electrodynamic disaggregation is a new efficient, non-contaminated technology for sample separation. During the electrodynamic disaggregation, high voltage pules are applied to the electrodes located at the top and the bottom of an operation vessel, where a solid sample is immersed in water. When distorted electric field is induced within the sample, an electric field damage happens along the strongly distorted zone , and leads to a capillary-like discharge network followed by plasma expansion due to the discharge, resulting in strong tensile breaking within samples. Phase separation between minerals is dominant in this case, because electric field distortion is much stronger along the phase boundaries. Compared to the traditional mechanical fragmentation, the crystal size and morphology information could be well preserved by electrodynamic disaggregation. This method is also less power consuming, no contamination, and almost fully retrievable. Detail morphology information could be preserved as well. The method has been initially applied to mineral separation of precious samples, recycling of materials with extraordinary hardness, and fossil extracting from rocks.

关 键 词：电力学崩解 矿物分离 材料加工 高压脉冲 

分 类 号：P585.2[天文地球—岩石学]