沉积物金属迁移-转化的影响因素及其规律  

THE INFLUENCING FACTORS AND RULES OF MIGRATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF METAL IN SEDIMENT: A REVIEW

作　　者：王明铭[1] 丁爱中[1] 郑蕾[1] 赵晓辉[1] 朱宜[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《环境工程》2016年第11期150-154,121,共6页Environmental Engineering

基　　金：北京师范大学青年教师基金项目(2014NT32)

摘　　要：沉积物金属的迁移-转化行为和污染风险一直是研究热点。金属污染物在人为或自然因素下进入水体,绝大部分通过沉降作用成为沉积物固定相,如此,底泥也成了河流生态系统中重要的污染源(汇)。受外界条件干扰,沉积物和上覆水体环境条件随之变化,固定的金属污染物很可能会被释放到水体中,对生态环境造成危害。通过文献研究,对金属在水环境中的主要形态,影响沉积物-金属结合物迁移-转化的环境要素及影响机制,金属的生物可利用性和污染风险进行了综述。最后提出应加强对环境参数的变化程度和金属释放的量化关系,沉积物再悬浮-金属释放的预测模型,具有长期稳定性和可持续性的底泥污染修复和控制技术方面的研究。Sediment polluted by metals is always one of the key subjects in aquatic ecology. Due to human or nature activities,metal pollutants can enter water system and most of them are bound with sediment through the function of precipitate and adsorption. Consequently,the sediment is becoming the source or sink of pollutants. When disturbing occurring,the stability of sediment and water environment will change the results in the releasing of bound metals and environment hazard. Basic on literature reviewing,this paper reviews the main existence form of metals in sediment, the environmental factors and influencing mechanisms of transformation and transport of sediment-metal compounds,as well as the bioavailability and pollution risk assessment of metal pollutants. Finally,we argue that those researches should be further developed,including quantitatively describing the relationship between change degrees and releasing amount,building predicting mode for sediment suspending and metal releasing,and exploring stable and sustainable remedying and controlling technologies.

关 键 词：沉积物 金属污染 释放规律 污染风险 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]