我国农村污水处理行业发展路径探析  

The Exploration for Industry Development Path of Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment in China

作　　者：王波[1] 王夏晖[1] 郑利杰 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部环境规划院

出　　处：《小城镇建设》2016年第10期16-19,37,共5页DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL CITIES & TOWNS

基　　金：国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项项目(编号201309063)

摘　　要："十三五"时期,国家关于农村生活污水处理的决策部署,为农村生活污水处理行业发展带来重大机遇。近年来,各地大力推进社会主义新农村建设,农村生活污水处理能力也不断提高,但全国仍有80%以上的村庄生活污水未得到有效处理,"污水横流"等现象仍比较普遍。农村生活污水具有分布散、规模小、利润薄、投资回报时间长等特点,目前市场投资回报机制尚不健全,市场化商业治理模式还不成熟,行业发展处于摸索前行阶段。制约行业发展的关键性因素是技术标准空白、革新技术空缺、扶持政策不够、资金保障机制不全、市场主体不足等。为加快解决农村生活污水问题,探索农村生活污水处理行业发展路径,本文在系统分析国内外技术进展、现行技术标准和产业发展现状的基础上,分别从完善排放标准、开展专项研发、制定扶持政策、建立投入机制和培育市场主体等方面,提出了农村生活污水处理行业健康发展的对策建议。During the ＂13th Five-Year＂ period, the decision and deployment on rural domestic sewage treatment made by the Chinese government, the industry of rural domestic sewage treatment is facing great development opportunities. In recent years, under vigorously promoting the construction of new socialist countryside, the ability of rural domestic sewage treatment has been constantly improved. However, more than 80% rural domestic sewage are not been effectively treated all over the country. It is still a common phenomenon which many villages are polluted by domestic sewage. Rural domestic sewage has the characteristics of scattered distribution, small scales, thin profits, long return on investment and so on. The development of rural domestic sewage treatment industry is in the initial stage of exploration because of imperfect market investment return mechanism and immature business management model. There are many key factors restricting the development of the industry, such as lack of technical standards, lack of innovative technology, very few preferential policies, inadequate funding mechanisms, lack of market entity and so on. In order to solve the problem of rural domestic sewage pollution and explore the development path of its treatment industry, this paper firstly analyses its technical progress at home and abroad, the existing technical standards and the present situation on the industry development. Then some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward on improving the rural domestic sewage treatment mechanism, respectively from building sewage emission standard, carrying out special researches, making preferential policies, and cultivating market entity.

关 键 词：农村生活污水 行业发展 排放标准 扶持政策 市场主体 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X324