自我药疗的现状、存在问题及对策与建议  

Present Situation,Problems,Countermeasures and Suggestions of Self-medication

作　　者：任静朝[1,2] 阚慧[1] 段广才[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]新乡医学院公共卫生学院,河南新乡453003 [2]郑州大学公共卫生学院,郑州450001

出　　处：《中国药房》2016年第34期4888-4890,共3页China Pharmacy

基　　金：河南省教育厅人文社会科学研究项目(No.2015-ZD-043)

摘　　要：目的:发现自我药疗存在的问题,并提出对策与建议。方法:以"自我药疗""自我用药""现状""问题""Self-medication""Self-medicine""Status"等为关键词,组合查询2010-2015年在中国期刊全文数据库及万方、Pub Med等数据库中的相关文献。结果与结论:共检索到相关文献159篇,其中有效文献19篇。目前自我药疗现象十分普遍,但不合理的自我药疗也不少见,这给公众健康带来损害,甚至危及生命。公众存在对自我药疗危害认识不足、阅读药品说明书比例较低并存在阅读障碍、对特殊人群自我药疗监管不力、抗菌药物随意使用等问题。建议卫生相关部门通过讲座、公益广告、宣传小册子、墙报等多种途径来提高公众对自我药疗以及对阅读药品说明书重要性的认识;使用通俗易懂的文字或图表来提高公众对药品说明书的阅读比例。政府应建立必要的法律法规,从制度上保证制药企业对药品说明书制订的高度重视,从而促使其完善药品说明书;政府相关部门通过采取有针对性的策略与措施,如在社会各个有关层面推进特殊人群自我药疗安全规划、在法律基础上增加对特殊人群药品的规定、出台特殊人群《用药指南》、在药物研发领域加大对特殊人群用药的扶持力度等来加大特殊人群自我药疗监管力度;通过加强药品广告管理、完善药房的药品销售管理、强化对医师处方行为的管理等来加强抗菌药物自我药疗监管。OBJECTIVE：To discover the existing problems of self-medication and make countermeasures and recommendations.METHODS：Using＂ziwo yaoliao＂＂ziwo yongyao＂＂xianzhuang＂＂wenti＂＂Self-medication＂＂Self-medicine＂＂Status＂as keywords,literatures were retrieved from CJFD,Wanfang database and Pub Med from 2010 to 2015.RESULTS ＆ CONCLUSIONS：A total of 159 literatures were retrieved,including 19 effective literatures.Self-medication is a common phenomenon,but irrational self-medication is not rare either and is harmful to public health even life.There are many problems in self-medication,such as that the awareness of hazards is weak;the reading of drug instructions occupies low proportion and many people are also dyslexic;monitoring for self-medication of special group is poor;the antibiotics are abused.Relevant health departments should improve the awareness of the public to self-medication and the importance of reading drug instructions through various channels,such as lecture,public service advertising,throwaway,wall newspaper;improve the proportion of the public reading drug instructions by using simple,popular and easy to understand words or charts.The government should establish necessary laws and regulations to ensure the great importance of pharmaceutical enterprises to the formulation of drug instruction through rules,so as to promote the improvement of drug instruction.Related government departments should adopt individualized strategies and measures,such as strengthening self-medication monitoring in special group,developing self-medication safety plan from various sections of society,strengthening drug regulations for special group on the basis of law,publishing Medical Guideline for special group,enhancing the medication support for special group in R＆D field.The self-medication monitoring of antibiotics can be strengthened through strengthening drug advertisement management,improving drug sale management,enhancing prescribing behavior of physicians.

关 键 词：自我药疗 现状 问题 合理用药 

分 类 号：R95[医药卫生—药学]