臭氧在农业害虫防治中的双重性  

Dual characteristics of ozone in agricultural pests control

作　　者：史彩华[1] 胡静荣[1] 张友军[2] 

机构地区：[1]长江大学,湖北荆州434025 [2]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国植保导刊》2016年第11期20-27,共8页China Plant Protection

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(2013203027)

摘　　要：由于具有氧化性强、分解速度快等特点,O_3在农业病虫害防治领域具有高效、无残留等优点。近年来研究发现,生物体对O_3的敏感性,不仅存在种间差异,也存在个体发育阶段的差异。通过O_3或O_3水处理后,虫害可能存在"此伏彼起"的现象。综述并分析了O_3在农业害虫防治领域具有潜在的应用价值,如替代化学农药防治大田害虫和仓储害虫等;也存在一定的负面影响,如改变作物的代谢途径和影响天敌昆虫的种群繁殖等。施用O_3对害虫的防治效果与害虫的龄期、虫态、种类及环境等有关。根据植物光合作用和呼吸作用的特性,建议在夜间施用O_3或O_3水,这样更适合植株的生理活动需求。目前,关于O_3与植物、O_3昆虫、植物与昆虫两两之间的研究较为深入,但是O_3—植物——昆虫三者之间的研究依然缺乏,这将是今后研究的主要方向。O3, with strong oxidability and fast degradation, had some advant ages such as high efficiency, no residue in term of field agricultural pest control. In recent years, some researchers found that sensitivity to O3 was relative to both species and individual developmental stages. Pests may have phenomenon of ＂one decreases, another increases＂ when plants were treated by O3 or O3water. We reviewed and analyzed dual characteristics of O3, which had potential application as an alternative of chemical pesticides to control field pests and storage pests etc.. However, there were also some negative effects such as changes of metabolic pathways in crops and influence of population reproduction to natural enemy insects. Effect of O3 on pest control was related to instars, stages, species and environment. According to characteristics of plant photosynthesis and respiration, it was recommended to apply ozone or ozone water at night. At present, researches on relationship between ＂O3and plants, O3 and insects, plants and insects＂ were relatively deep, but studies on relationship among three factors ＂O3, plants and insects＂ were still lacking, which would be paid more attention in the future.

关 键 词：臭氧 害虫防治 双重性 

分 类 号：S433[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S477.9[农业科学—植物保护]