中国樱桃地方种质资源表型性状遗传多样性分析  

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Chinese Cherry Landraces (Prunus pseudocerasus) Based on Phenotypic Traits

作　　者：刘胤[1] 陈涛[1] 张静[1] 王珏[1] 王浩[1] 汤浩茹[1,2] 王小蓉[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学园艺学院,成都611130 [2]四川农业大学果蔬研究所,成都611130

出　　处：《园艺学报》2016年第11期2119-2132,共14页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31672114;31272134)

摘　　要：以源自中国樱桃主产区7个群体,80份地方种质资源为试材,采用巢式方差及聚类分析法对其叶片、果实及果核26个表型性状进行多样性分析。结果表明：（1）质量性状之间存在较大的多样性差异,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数范围在0.61-1.64之间,其中果实形状、果皮颜色、叶片及果核剖面形状等表现出较高的遗传多样性。（2）数量性状无论是在群体间还是群体内均表现出极显著差异,14个数量性状的平均变异系数为9.93%,其中果柄长度的变异系数最高（24.80%）,果核顶面观指数最低（6.61%）。在7个群体中,云南的种质材料变异系数最大,为12.92%;安徽的最小,为7.42%。（3）对14个数量性状的主成分分析表明,前5个主成分的累积贡献率达80.9434%,能反应数量性状的基本特征。（4）基于Nei’s遗传距离的聚类分析以及主坐标分析将80份材料分为2个大类,分布于山东、河南和安徽群体的种质资源聚为一类,为华北类群,分布于四川、云南、贵州和重庆群体的聚为另一类,为西南类群。研究结果表明不同地理分布群体的中国樱桃表型多样性存在差异,而这种遗传差异可能是由于来自不同的驯化位点而造成的。Nested variance and cluster analysis were performed to assess the phenotypic diversity of 80 Chinese cherry landraces （Prunus pseudocerasus Lindl. ） from seven distribution regions. A total of 26 morphological traits including leaf, fruit and stone phenotype were applied in this study. The results showed： （ 1 ） Significant differences were detected among 12 qualitative characters, with Shannon-Wiener indexes ranged from 0.61 to 1.64. The genetic traits with high diversity also displayed in fruit shape peel color, leaf shape and stone lateral shape. （2） For 14 quantitative traits, significant variance was detected both among and within populations. The average variation coefficient （CV） among quantitative traits is 9.93%, with the highest value 24.80% in carpopodium length, and the lowest in apical view index （6.61%） . Among 7 distribution regions, the highest value of CV was detected in Yunnan （12.92%） , and lowest in Anhui （ 7.42%）. （ 3 ） Five principal components with the variance cumulative contribution rate of 80.9434% were obtained based on the principal component analysis, which could account for the majority variation of the traits. （4） Based on Nei＇s genetic distance cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis （PCoA） , all the 80 accessions were classified into two major clusters. The accessions from Shandong, Henan and Anhui province classified as a cluster, and the individuals from Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Chongqing formed another one. This result indicates that Chinese cherry landraces in different geographic regions exhibit difference of phenotypic diversity, and this might be caused by various domestication processes from different geographic sites.

关 键 词：中国樱桃 地方种质资源 表型性状 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S662.5[农业科学—果树学]