太湖丘陵地区典型坡面土壤侵蚀与养分流失  

Soil Erosion and Nutrients Loss on the Typical Slope in Hilly Region of Taihu Basin

作　　者：曹慧[1] 杨浩[1] 赵其国[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2002年第3期242-246,共5页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目 (498310 70 );国家自然科学基金项目 (499730 2 7)联合资助

摘　　要：建立了基于1 37Cs技术的土壤侵蚀的定量模型 ,采用有关土壤养分流失方程 ,对太湖地区典型坡面的土壤侵蚀和土壤养分流失进行初步估算 .结果表明 ,研究地区的典型坡面存在着一定的土壤侵蚀 ,林地各个剖面点的土壤侵蚀模数平均为 1313.6t/(km2 ·a) ,而菜地所在的微地貌部位土壤侵蚀更达 5 185 .6 8t/ (km2 ·a) .土壤侵蚀主要受植被覆盖和人为耕作的影响 ,侵蚀量的大小排序为坡麓菜地 >坡中马尾松林地 >竹林地>坡顶马尾松林地 .选择的典型坡面存在着一定的土壤养分流失 ,林地有机质、全氮、全磷与全钾的平均流失量亦分别高达 2 8.2 9,1.38,0 .35和 16 .76t/ (km2 ·a) ,养分流失量大的地貌部位的土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾含量低 ,而土壤侵蚀微弱的坡顶林地土壤养分含量较高 .菜地土壤养分流失量最大 ,但由于施肥作用 ,土壤养分含最高 .太湖丘陵地区的土壤侵蚀与养分流失不仅关系到本地区土壤肥力的退化 ,并对太湖水体环境质量的产生影响 .Based on 137 Cs technique, a quantitative model for soil erosion has been established, and the amount of soil erosion and nutrients losses have been calculated. The results showed that the average amount of soil erosion of various profiles in forest is 1313.6 t/(km 2 ·a), and the erosion in vegetable land is much higher, so there is soil erosion in hilly region of Taihu Basin. The main factors affecting soil erosion are vegetable cover and cultivation, and the sort order of soil erosion amount on different landforms from high to low is as follows: vegetable land>middle slopping hill with mason pine>middle slopping upland with bamboo>top land . The nutrients loss is correlative with soil erosion, and the average loss for organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in forest is 28.29,1.38,0.35 and 16.76 t/(km 2 ·a), respectively. Therefore, it's time to pay attention to soil erosion in this area, and take some measures to reduce its effect on soil fertilizer and water quality in Taihu Basin.

关 键 词：丘陵地区 太湖地区 土壤侵蚀 养分流失 铯同位素 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]