中国农作物秸秆饲料化利用满足度和优势度分析  

Analysis on satisfied degree and advantage degree of agricultural crop straw feed utilization in China

作　　者：楚天舒[1] 杨增玲[1] 韩鲁佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第22期1-9,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助(2014BAD08B11-2)

摘　　要：农作物秸秆饲料化利用作为农作物秸秆利用途径之一,为奶牛、肉牛和肉羊饲养提供充足的粗饲料,能保障"节粮型"畜牧业的发展。该文以中国31个省市的农作物秸秆饲料为研究对象,对2008-2013年各省市农作物秸秆饲料化利用量、反刍动物农作物秸秆饲料需求量进行计算,并求出农作物秸秆饲料化满足度和优势度。结果表明:1)2008-2013年,中国农作物秸秆饲料化利用量和反刍动物农作物秸秆饲料需求量均呈现增长趋势,2013年分别达到16 895.12和12 568.36万t。东北地区、黄淮海地区、长江中下游地区和六大牧区中内蒙古和四川为农作物秸秆饲料化利用量高的地区。东北地区、黄淮海地区、西南地区和六大牧区中内蒙古、四川、西藏、甘肃和新疆为反刍动物农作物秸秆饲料需求量多的地区。2)2008-2013年,中国农作物秸秆饲料化满足度呈波动增长的趋势,2013年满足度达到了134.43%,意味着从全国范围来看,农作物秸秆饲料化利用量满足反刍动物秸秆饲料需求,但呈现"东高西低"情况。六大农区中的黄淮海地区和东北地区、六大牧区中的内蒙古和四川农作物秸秆饲料化利用与其他地区相比更具有优势。3)六大农区中的黄淮海地区和东北地区、六大牧区中的内蒙古和四川为农作物秸秆饲料化利用发展核心地区。该研究为分析中国"节粮型"畜牧业发展现状提供基础资料。As an agricultural country, China produces a great deal of agricultural straw every year. Agricultural crop straw feed utilization is one of the agricultural crop straw comprehensive utilization ways, which guarantees the development of save-grain animal husbandry and provides enough roughage for ruminant, such as cow, beef cattle and mutton sheep. So it is important to research on development status of agricultural crop straw feed utilization in China. In this paper, thirty-one provinces were selected as research objects, firstly, estimation of amount and demand of agricultural crop straw feed utilization of these provinces. The amount of agricultural straw feed utilization was estimated by using the six crop yield, that are corn, wheat, rice, bean, tuber and peanut, multiplied the ratio of straw to grain and productivity of collectable and usable straw. Then, adding the amount of crop straw feed together and multiplied the ratio of China’s agricultural crop straw feed utilization. The crop yield data came from China Statistical Yearbook 2009-2014. The demand of agricultural crop straw feed was estimated by using the amount of cow, beef cattle and mutton sheep multiplied feeding structure, feeding amount of agricultural crop straw feed and feeding period. Then, adding the demand of agricultural straw feed together. The ruminant amount data came from China Rural Statistical Yearbook 2009-2014, China Animal Industry Yearbook 2009-2013 and China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Yearbook 2014. So divided the amount of agricultural crop straw feed utilization by the demand of agricultural crop straw feed, it got the satisfied degree of agricultural crop straw feed. The advantage degree meant that the amount and demand of agricultural crop straw feed of one province had an advantage, compared with others. The results showed that： 1） From 2008 to 2013, amount and demand of agricultural crop straw feed utilization of China showed an increasing trend. In 2013, the amount of agricultural crop straw feed utilization w

关 键 词：农作物 秸秆 饲料化 反刍动物 满足度 优势度 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]