大蒜联合收获切根试验台设计与试验  

Design and experiment of root cutting device in garlic combine harvesting

作　　者：于昭洋[1,2] 胡志超[1,2] 杨柯 彭宝良[1,2] 吴峰[1,2] 谢焕雄[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]农业部南京农业机械化研究所,南京210014 [2]农业部现代农业装备重点实验室,南京210014

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第22期77-85,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51375247);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(土下果实机械化收获创新团队);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-14-08B)

摘　　要：为了提高大蒜联合收获切根作业性能,解决大蒜切根过程中根系一次清除率低、蒜头损伤率高等问题,该文设计了一种大蒜联合收获切根试验台,该试验台主要由毛刷辊、前旋转切刀、夹持输送机构、排序-对齐机构、浮动切根机构等组成,可一次性完成蒜株的根系清理和预切、蒜株排序和对齐、根系浮动切割等作业工序。该文确定了切根装置关键结构参数和作业参数,并对影响切根作业质量的主要因素开展了试验研究。试验结果表明,影响切根作业质量的主次作用因素为夹持输送速度、夹持角度、浮动切刀转速,较优参数组合方案为夹持输送速度1.05 m/s、夹持角度79°、浮动切刀转速2 200 r/min(切割线速度为17.3 m/s),此时根系去净率为96.1%,蒜头伤损率为2.39%,满足大蒜切根作业质量要求。该文研究结果可为大蒜联合收获切根装置的设计提供参考。The development of garlic harvest mechanization still lags relatively behind, restricting the development of China＆#39;s garlic industry. In recent years, garlic combine harvester has been designed by Chinese research institutes, realizing the garlic digging, soil cleaning, stalk cutting and garlic bulb gathering. The main garlic combine harvester in the developed countries is bundling type or cutting seedling type harvester. The garlic combine harvester, which can finish the processes of root cutting, is few. Root cutting is the core technology of garlic harvest, and also the most difficult technical operation. The fresh garlic has thin and tender skin and different size, and its roots are mixed with sediment, which have a wide but disorderly distribution. Therefore, in the process of harvesting, how to ensure technical performance, such as high rate of one-time root clearance and low rate of bulb damage, has been a difficult technical problem of garlic root cutting mechanized operation. In view of the lower rate of root clearance and the higher damage ratio, a root cutting device of garlic combine harvester was designed, which realized the root cleaning and pre-cutting, the garlic sorting and arraying, and the second cutting of root. The root cutting device of garlic combine harvester consists of clamping delivery device, hairbrush roller, front revolving cutter, rank-alignment device and floating cutting device. The clamping delivery device carries out the clamping of garlic upper stalk and the transport. The clamping style of garlic is changed from chain-chain clamping to chain-board-hairbrush clamping. The rank-alignment device mainly achieves the functions of stalk fixation and garlic bulb alignment, which provides ancillary work to root cutting. The floating cutting device adopts the principle of floating rotary cutting to adapt different sizes of garlic bulb, which can realize shape cutting along the spherical trajectory under the garlic bulb. The spiral protection railings are installed outside the cut

关 键 词：农业机械 设计 农作物 大蒜 联合收获 切根 去净率 伤损率 

分 类 号：S225[农业科学—农业机械化工程]