青藏铁路列车低氧暴露健康风险评估  

Assessment of health risk caused by exposure to hypoxia in Qinghai-Tibet railway trains

作　　者：施红生[1] 邱永祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院节能环保劳卫研究所

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2016年第10期13-18,共6页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAC07B01)

摘　　要：为研究青藏列车低氧暴露量及其限值,对青藏列车车内环境氧含量和乘务人员生理指标进行测试,研究列车低氧暴露定量评估方法,分析车内低氧暴露量与高原生理反应的剂量反应关系。结果表明,青藏铁路列车运行期间,车内环境氧分压为16.2~12.4 k Pa,一个往返乘务班次列车乘务人员低氧暴露当量为196.6。提出在急性高原反应低氧暴露限值为23/天,血氧饱和度限值为91%情况下,急性高原反应发生率可控制在10%以下;在低氧暴露当量小于1 000/月情况下,持续2年,绝大多数人不会发生高原红细胞增多症和高原心脏病。To study on exposure to hypoxia on Qinghai-Tibet trains, and its limit value, environmental oxygen partial pressure in the Qinghai-Tibet train was measured and the physiological indexes of the crew were monitored. A method was worked out for evaluating hypoxia exposure on the train. Relationship was studied between the hypoxia exposure level and the plateau physiological reaction. Results show that during the operation of the Qinghai-Tibet train, the interior oxygen partial pressure is 16.2-12.4 k Pa, the hypoxia exposure equivalent of crew is 196.6 in one round trip. It is proposed that the hypoxia exposure limit value for acute high altitude reaction is ≤23/day, blood oxygen saturation limit value is ≤91%, and acute high altitude reaction rate can be controlled below 10%. When hypoxia exposure equivalent of crew is 1 000/ month, an operation duration of 2 years doesn＇t cause high altitude polycythemia and high altitude heart disease for the vast majority of the workers.

关 键 词：青藏铁路 低氧暴露评估 低氧效应指标 高原病 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：X912[环境科学与工程—安全科学]