低阶层者的系统合理化水平更高吗？--基于社会认知视角的考察  

Do lower class individuals possess higher levels of system justification? An examination from the social cognitive perspectives

作　　者：杨沈龙[1] 郭永玉[1] 胡小勇[1,2] 舒首立[1,3] 李静 YANG Shenlong GUO Yongyu HU Xiaoyong SHU Shouli LI Jing(School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, and Hubei Human Development and Mental Health Key Laboratory, Wuhan 430079, China Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学心理学院,青少年网络心理与行为教育部重点实验室,人的发展与心理健康湖北省重点实验室,武汉430079 [2]西南大学心理学部,重庆400715 [3]安徽师范大学教育科学学院,芜湖241000

出　　处：《心理学报》2016年第11期1467-1478,共12页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71171094);国家社会科学基金重点项目(13AZD087);华中师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费(人文社科类)重大培育项目之重大学术成果培育计划(CCNU14Z02018)资助

摘　　要：系统合理化理论曾提出,低阶层者比高阶层者具有更高的系统合理化水平,即更认可社会体系的合理性、更支持当前社会系统。但这一论断一直存在争议。研究引入社会认知视角,考察低阶层与高阶层者系统合理化水平的差异及其机制。两个分研究得到了共同的结果:(1)低阶层者的系统合理化水平显著低于高阶层者;(2)这一差异是通过贫富归因的中介作用实现的,低阶层者系统合理化水平较低是基于其更少地认为社会贫富差距是由个人内部因素所致;(3)这一中介作用会受到个体控制感水平的调节,当控制感较低时,上述中介作用成立;但当控制感较高时,低阶层会弥合与高阶层贫富归因的差异,中介模型不成立。这些结果支持并发展了系统合理化的认知途径解释和阶层社会认知理论这两个立足于社会认知的理论观点,显示了认知因素在此问题中的重要作用,构建了更整合的阶层—归因—合理化的逻辑,并考虑了其边界因素,对于了解低阶层者的社会心态及其形成机制,包括如何改变此状况,均有一定的现实启示意义。According to system justification theory, lower class individuals are more likely to view social system as legitimate than those from higher class. Yet, the opposite pattern emerged in many empirical studies suggesting that system justification was stronger among individuals from higher class relative to lower class counterparts. Recently, a cognitive perspective of system justification theory proposes that people express a salient tendency of internal attribution when explaining socioeconomic disparities, which serves as a main source of system justification. Given the fact that individuals from lower social class are characterized by contextualized cognitive style and external attribution, they may attribute socioeconomic disparities to external factors, and thereby are less likely to support the social system. Thus, we expected that 1） one＇s social class was positively correlated with system justification, and 2） an internal attribution for the gap between the rich and the poor played a mediating role. Moreover, studies derived from social cognitive theory of social class demonstrate that the increase in perceived control have potential to help lower class individuals shift their attributional styles from external to internal. We further hypothesized that 3） perceived control could moderate the mediation model proposed in hypothesis 2. Two studies were designed to test these three hypotheses with different strategies. In Study 1, 241 college students with different levels of subjective social class were randomly assigned into high or low perceived control priming conditions, and then assessed their attributional tendency regarding the rich-poor gap and system justification, so that the moderating effect of perceived control on the mediation model could be tested. In study 2, 829 college students from four universities of different levels received scales of social class, perceived control, attributional style for the rich-poor gap and system justification to examine the hypothesized relationships in the

关 键 词：社会阶层 系统合理化 贫富归因 控制感 社会认知 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]