民法基本原则:民法总则中如何准确表达?  

How to Accurately Express Basic Rules of Civil Law in the General Rules of Civil Law?

作　　者：赵万一[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学民商法学院

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2016年第6期30-50,160-161,共21页Journal Of CUPL

摘　　要：民法基本原则事关民法典制定的目的、理念和思路,其基本功能除了实现对立法的指导和便利司法之外,更重要的则在于通过理性化的抽象设计,强化社会公众对民法的内心信仰和价值认同。民法基本原则的确立必须符合一些基本的条件和要求,包括必须是民法所特有的基本原则,是能够统率所有民法内容的原则,是符合抽象性和稳定性要求的原则,是具有明确的内涵界域和价值指向的原则,是既能够符合中国社会发展方向又能够体现人类共同价值追求的原则。按照其作用的不同,可以将民法基本原则区分为价值性基本原则和功能性基本原则。前者主要包括私权优先原则和私权神圣原则,其本质是赋予私权在权利(权力)束中的核心地位,确立公权服务于私权的理念;后者则涵盖了诚实信用原则、法不禁止即可为原则、自己责任原则、公序良俗原则等,其作用主要是在无直接法律规定可供援引的情况下,为司法实践提供明确的替代性判断依据。民法基本原则在民法总则中的具体表达方式,可以分为罗列式表达、说明式表达、选择性表达、分层式表达和分散式表达。Basic rules of Civil Law deal with the aim, concept and idea of the civil code establishment. Its primary functions include providing guidance for legislation and convenience for judicature as well as enforcing the public's internal belief and value identification of civil law by rationalized abstract design. The basic rules of civil law should be established in accordance with basic conditions and requirements which are particular, properly abstract and stable for the need of civil law and comprehensive for the content of civil law. The rules should be prescribed with specific connotation and value orientation so that they can clearly take the direction of Chinese society development and reflect the mankind's pursuit for mutual value. The basic rules of civil law are classified into value rules and functional rules according to their different effects. The former include priority rules of private rights anddivinity rules of private rights, which in nature put private rights in the core position of rights(powers) and build up the concept that public rights serve private rights. The latter cover the rules of honesty and credibility, rules of being permitted unless law forbids, rules of self duty and rules of public order and/or good morals, which provide clear alternative criterion for judgment when judicial citations lack direct legal regulations. The basic rules of civil law can be expressed in the General Rules in ways of listing, illustrating, selecting, ranking and dispersing.

关 键 词：民法典 民法基本原则 私法优先 私权神圣 立法实现 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]