黄土区露天煤矿排土场植被恢复的水肥响应  

Response of soil water and soil fertility to vegetation restoration in an opencast coal-mine in a loess area

作　　者：谷裕[1] 王金满[1,2] 王洪丹[1] 刘鹏[1] 曹振环[1] 李博[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)土地科学技术学院,北京100083 [2]国土资源部土地整治重点实验室,北京100035

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2016年第12期3233-3241,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国土资源部公益性行业科研专项(201411007-4)资助

摘　　要：矿区复垦植被与排土场土壤环境之间存在着复杂的交互关系，两者相互依存且制约；特别是土壤肥力和水分与植被恢复关系密切。因此，如何实现复垦植被与土壤水肥协调发展以促进生态系统的改善是矿区生态恢复的核心问题。为此，本文选择山西平朔矿区安太堡露天煤矿排土场，通过典型样地调查方法来分析露天煤矿排土场土壤水肥特性与复垦植被因子之间的关系，同时构建耦合协调度模型来定量分析土壤水肥因素对植被生长的影响，并判断土壤水肥与复垦植被的协调程度。结果表明：在0-40cm的土层中，土壤含水量随着深度的增加而增大，土壤有机质和全氮的变化趋势与之相反；土壤肥力特性相对于土壤含水量对复垦植被生长的影响更大；土壤水肥环境与复垦植被之间的耦合协调关系皆为基本协调。在土壤养分贫瘠且生态环境恶劣的黄土高原矿区，改善土壤肥力状况、筛选适宜的植被复垦模式及控制植被密度是生态重建的关键。本研究可为黄土区露天煤矿排土场土地复垦与生态恢复提供理论依据和参考。There is a complex interaction between reclaimed vegetation and soil environment in mining area. In particular, soil fertility and soil moisture are closely related to vegetation restora- tion. How to realize the coordinated development among reclaimed vegetation, soil moisture and fertility to promote the improvement of ecological system is the core issue of ecological restoration in mining areas. Therefore, the Antaibao Opencast Coal-mine dumps in Shanxi Pingshuo mining area were selected to analyze the relationship between the characteristics of soil water or fertility and the vegetation restoration by the plot investigation method, and the coupled coordination de- gree model was used to quantify the influence of soil quality on vegetation growth and assess the coordination degree of soil water or soil fertility and reclaimed vegetation. The results showed that the soil water content increased with increasing soil depth in the 0-40 cm soil layer, and the change trend of soil organic matter and total nitrogen was opposite to that of soil water content. The effect of soil fertility characteristics on the growth of reclaimed vegetation was greater than that of soil water; the coupling relationship between soil water or fertility and reclaimed vegetation was basically coordinated. In the loess area, the soil nutrient condition is poor, the ecological en- vironment is harsh, and thus the key of ecological reconstruction is to improve the soil fertility condition, select the appropriate vegetation reclamation model and control the density of vegeta- tion. This study can provide a reference for land reclamation and ecological restoration in the dumps of opencast coal-mine in the loess area.

关 键 词：排土场 土壤水肥 植被恢复 因子分析 耦合关系 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]