南腊河底栖动物多样性与环境因子的关系  

Relationship between zoobenthos biodiversity and environmental factors in Nanla River

作　　者：李正飞[1,2] 王军[1,2] 谢志才[1] 丁城志[3] 蒋小明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉430072 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]云南大学亚洲国际河流中心,昆明650091

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2016年第12期3364-3373,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2013BAB06B03);中国华能集团公司总部科技项目(HNKJ13-H17-03);国家科技重大专项(2013ZX07102-005)资助

摘　　要：亚洲热带河流维系着高水平的生物多样性以及众多的特有物种。南腊河是澜沧江的一条重要支流,位于西双版纳州勐腊县境内,处于热带和亚热带交错区。为了了解南腊河大型底栖动物的群落特征、空间分布格局及关键驱动力,于2015年7月对其全流域进行了调查。共采集底栖动物96种,隶属于5门7纲50科,包含水生昆虫74种,软体动物8种,寡毛类9种,蛭类3种,涡虫、线虫各一种;全流域优势物种是霍甫水丝蚓(16.76%)、短脉纹石蛾(10.60%)、梯形多足摇蚊(10.27%)、河蚬(5.01%)、铜锈环棱螺(4.74%)和似宽基蜉(4.26%);从上游到下游,物种丰富度、密度、Margalef指数和Shannon指数均明显降低;群落组成则呈现蜉蝣目、毛翅目等类群逐渐减少,寡毛类、摇蚊幼虫、软体动物逐渐增加的趋势。典范对应分析(CCA)表明,南腊河大型底栖动物的分布主要受水深和底质类型等环境因子以及PCNM1-4、PCNM10和PCNM14等不同尺度空间因子的驱动。变差分解分析显示,空间因子对南腊河底栖动物群落结构的解释率高于环境因子。本研究可为亚洲热带河流底栖动物的分布特征及生物多样性的保护提供一定的参考。The tropical Asian river systems support a high array of aquatic biodiversity, especial- ly its endemism. We choose the Nanla River in Xishuangbanna, one primary tributary of the Lan- cang River, as a case study to examine longitudinal patterns of macrobenthic biodiversity in July 2015. This river harbored a total of 96 taxa belonging to 5 phyla, 7 classes and 50 families. Among them, Insecta was the species-richest group （74 taxa）, followed by Mollusca （8）, Oligochaeta （9）, Leech （3） and 2 others （Turbellaria and Nematoda）. The dominant taxa across the whole watershed were Limnodrilus hoffrneisteri （accounting for 16.76% of total abun- dance ）, Cheumatopsyche sp. （ 10.60% ）, Polypedilum scalaenum （ 10.27% ）, Corbiculafluminea （5.01%） , Bellamya aeruginosa （4.74%） and Choroterpides sp. （4.26%）. Species richness, density, Margalef and Shannon diversity indices significantly decreased along the longitudinal gradient （from the upper to the lower reaches）. The abundance of Oligochaeta, Chironomidae and Mollusca increased downstream at the expense of Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera. CCA ana- lysis showed that four environmental factors （water depth and three types of substrate） and six spatial factors （PCNM1-4, PCNM10 and PCNM14） were the key drivers structuring the macro- benthic communities. Variance partitioning analysis indicated that the spatial factors had a stron- ger controlling effect on macrobenthic communities than environmental ones. This study provides useful information for the conservation of benthic biodiversity in tropical Asian rivers.

关 键 词：南腊河 大型底栖动物 群落结构 典范对应分析 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]