论海事安全调查国际立法发展趋势及启示  

On the International Legislation Development of Maritime Safety Investigation and Its Enlightenment

作　　者：马金星[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所,北京100720

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第5期30-38,共9页Journal of Ocean University of China(Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部重大攻关项目"中国与邻国海洋权益争端问题的国际法理研究"(12JZD048);国家社会科学基金"南海搜救合作的国际法问题研究"(15CFX073);中国博士后科学基金项目(2016M590174)

摘　　要：海事安全调查是改进海上航行安全的重要措施。在偏重属地管辖影响下,海事安全调查中的沿海国管辖与船旗国管辖存在失衡现象,IMO海事安全调查国际规则及其修正案生效实施,加速了海事安全调查国际立法统一化进程,扩大了参与海事安全调查的国家范围,强化了海事安全调查中船旗国义务和对海员人权的保护。中国海事安全调查国内法机制与国际立法不相契合,是由行政组织模式国别差异及国际话语权旁落造成的,但基于条约必须信守原则,中国有义务依据SOLAS公约的规定修订国内立法,区分责任调查与安全调查,解决国内立法中的纵向冲突,调整调查内容和遵循的原则,组建半独立型海事安全调查机构,强化相关领域国际合作。Maritime safety investigation is an important measure to improve the safety of marine navigation.Under the influence of territorial jurisdiction,there exists an imbalance between coastal state and flag state jurisdiction in marine safety investigation.The implementation of IMO maritime safety investigation rule and its amendments accelerates the uniform trend of international maritime safety investigation legislation,expands the range of countries participating in the investigation,and strengthens the flag states＇ obligations and seafarers＇ human rights protection.As a result of national differences in administrative organization mode and international discourse power loss,China domestic maritime safety investigation legal systems were not compatible with the international legislation;however,based on pacta sunt senvanda,China should amend domestic legislation in accordance with SOLAS Convention,discriminate between obligation and safety investigation,coordinate legal conflicts and adjust the content and principles of maritime safety investigation,set up semi-independent investigation mechanism,and intensify international cooperation in related fields.

关 键 词：海事安全调查 条约必须信守 非谴责性原则 有限政府 国际合作 

分 类 号：D996.9[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]