北宋皇位繼承的地理術數“觀察”與“預言”  

Watching and Predicting the Succession of Emperors on Geomancy in the Northern Song Dynasty

作　　者：潘晟[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学社会发展学院

出　　处：《中华文史论丛》2016年第4期1-33,共33页Journal of Chinese Literature and History

基　　金：古委會廳轉項目“《重校正地理新書》校注”(1305138);國家社科基金青年項目《宋代擇居習俗的流變與聚落形態變遷研究》(10CZS015)成果之一

摘　　要：本文在文獻梳理的基礎上結合實地調查,認爲北宋山陵選址的術數方法並非單純的五音姓利之術,還包括了地形選擇等方法。而由此引起的山陵疑案,則是宋初皇位繼承中"燭影斧聲"的注腳,它表明太祖、太宗兩系的競爭一直是北宋皇位繼承中湧動的暗流。同時,北宋山陵的空間佈局,以宣祖、太祖的永安陵、永昌陵爲一組,太宗永熙陵以後諸陵爲一組。無論從術數還是皇權的角度看,太宗永熙陵纔是中心。此外,地理術數既是解決北宋皇帝後嗣不足煩惱的神秘力量,也是借此掩蓋皇室醜聞的最佳藉口。它既用來解決國家禮儀問題,同時也是皇位繼承與朝政鬥爭的重要資源,權術與法術融爲一體。Most discussions on the site selection and layout of the Northern Song imperial mausoleums focus on archaeological problems,while less focus on the relationship with politics,especially the succession of emperors. Based on the documents, the article comes to some conclusions. Firstly,in the process of site selection in the Northern Song,a theory of geomancy was also applied besides the prevailing theory which studied the relation of the family name and five ancient Chinese notes( 五 音 姓 利). Secondly,the mausoleum dispute of Northern Song could be looked as notes of the succession event known as "zhuying fusheng 燭影斧聲"that happened in early Song between Taizu( Zhao Kuangyin) and Taizong( Zhao Kuangyi). From that,we could also find the competition for the imperial throne between the clans of Taizu and Taizong. Thirdly,the layout of the mausoleums could be divided into two groups, one was Xuanzu's Yong'an Mausoleum and Taizu's Yongchang Mausoleum, the other was Taizong's Yongxi Mausoleum and his descendants' mausoleums. From the theory of geomancy or even the imperial power,the former group was not the center,but the latter was. And fourthly,geomancy was not only a mysterious power to deal with the heir problem,but also a best excuse for covering scandals. It can be used as a method to deal with imperial ceremony problems,and meanwhile was an important resource to the succession of throne and political struggles.

关 键 词：山陵选址 皇位继承 地理术数 北宋 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学] B992.4[历史地理—中国史]