基于LCA的风力发电、光伏发电及燃煤发电的环境负荷分析  

Analysis on Environmental Load of Wind,PV and Coal-fired Power Generation Based on Life Cycle Assessment

作　　者：贾亚雷[1,2] 王继选[3] 韩中合[1] 庞永超[1] 安鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院,河北保定071003 [2]河北软件职业技术学院,河北保定071000 [3]河北工程大学水电学院,河北邯郸056021

出　　处：《动力工程学报》2016年第12期1000-1009,共10页Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering

基　　金：河北省科技厅资助项目(16455203D);河北省教育厅基金资助项目(QN2015108);博士科研启动基金资助项目(20120134);邯郸市科技局基金资助项目(1528102058-2)

摘　　要：基于生命周期评价理论,建立风力发电、光伏发电及燃煤发电的生命周期评价体系,研究生命周期各阶段的环境负荷并进行对比分析.结果表明:在电厂建设阶段,燃煤发电碳足迹最低,为1.94g/(kW·h),风力发电碳足迹最高,为9.42g/(kW·h).在发电运营阶段,光伏发电碳足迹几乎为零,风力发电碳足迹为0.2g/(kW·h),燃煤发电机组碳足迹最高,为83.3g/(kW·h).风力发电和光伏发电在电厂建设阶段碳足迹占比较高,分别为99.4%和99.78%;燃煤发电在发电运营阶段碳足迹占比最高,为96.13%.在整个生命周期中对全球变暖影响最大的是燃煤发电,为3.63×10^(-5)标准当量,影响最小的是风力发电,为7.9×10^(-7)标准当量;对环境酸化影响最大的是光伏发电,为6.7×10^(-6)标准当量,影响最小的是风力发电,为1.6×10^(-7)标准当量;风力发电和光伏发电的固体废弃物排放几乎为零.Life cycle assessment systems of wind, PV and coal-fired power generation were established based on life cycle assessment theory, so as to compare and analyze their environmental load produced at different stages. Results show that in the construction state of a power plant, the carbon footprint of coalfired power generation is 1.94 g/（kW · h）, which is the lowest in the three power generation ways, and the carbon footprint of wind power generation is 9.42 g/（kW · h）, which is the highest. Whereas in the operation stage of a power plant, the carbon footprint of PV power generation is almost zero, and that of wind and coal-fired power generation is respectively 0.2 g/（kW · h） and 83.3 g/（kW · h）, indicating that coal-fired power generation produces the highest carbon footprint. The ratios of carbon footprint in construction stage for wind and PV power generation are relatively high, which are 99.4% and 99.78%, respectively; while the ratio of carbon footprint in operation stage for coal-fired power generation has the highest value of 96.13%. Results also indicate that coal-fired power generation has the greatest influence on global warming in a whole life cycle with a standard equivalent of 3.63 × 10^-5 , while wind power generation has the least influence with a standard equivalent of 7.9 × 10^-7 ; whereas PV power generation has the biggest impact on environmental acidification with a standard equivalent of 6.7× 10^-6 , and wind power generation has the smallest impact with a standard equivalent of 1.6 × 10^-7. The emission of solid waste is almost zero in both wind and PV power generation.

关 键 词：可再生能源 生命周期评价 碳足迹 排放强度 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程]