元代以前西域的棉纺织  

Cotton spinning and weaving in West Region before Yuan dynasty

作　　者：曹秋玲[1] 刘辉[2] 王博 

机构地区：[1]河南工程学院纺织学院,郑州450007 [2]中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京100190 [3]新疆维吾尔自治区博物馆考古部,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《丝绸》2016年第9期63-68,共6页Journal of Silk

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(13YJA ZH004);河南工程学院博士基金项目(D2013010)

摘　　要：利用实物资料,将纺织科学与考古学相结合,探讨元代以前西域棉纺织的原料利用、纺纱和织造技术。从考古发现来看,中国沿丝绸之路出土的汉晋以来棉纺织品历时弥久,品种多样,不仅用于服饰领域,也见于日常生活用品当中。元代以前,西域种植的为一年生草棉,由于草棉的采摘、初加工不易,阻碍了植棉与棉纺织的发展,草棉的种植传播止于河西地区。元代以前西域采用纺车或纺专纺棉,棉纺加工技术不及毛纺加工技术。元代以前的棉织机具还较原始,包含水平织机和立机两种形式。Based on archaeological findings,this paper combines textile science with archaeology science to discuss the utilization of raw materials,cotton spinning and weaving in Western Regions before Yuan dynasty. There have been a variety of archaeological cotton textiles since Han and Jin dynasties which were unearthed along the silk road.They were not only used in clothes,but also used in people＇s daily life. Before Yuan dynasty,annual G. herbaceum planted in Western Region hindered the development of plant cotton and cotton weaving due to the difficulty in G.herbaceum picking and preliminary processing. The planting of G. herbaceum spread just to Hexi Region. In Western Regions,spindle wheel or spindle was used in cotton spinning before Yuan dynasty,and the technology was not as good as wool spinning technology. Cotton weaving loom before Yuan dynasty contains two forms as horizontal and upright,which is relatively primitive.

关 键 词：元代 西域 草棉 纺纱 织造 

分 类 号：TS114[轻工技术与工程—纺织材料与纺织品设计] K876.9[轻工技术与工程—纺织科学与工程]