黄道婆研究的考辨  

A further study on Huang Daopo

作　　者：李强[1] 李斌[2] 

机构地区：[1]武汉纺织大学<服饰导刊>编辑部,武汉430073 [2]武汉纺织大学服装学院,武汉430073

出　　处：《丝绸》2016年第9期75-80,共6页Journal of Silk

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(15YJC ZH085)

摘　　要：关于黄道婆的研究学术界多有争论,然而有一些被逐渐主流化的观点却存在着一些证据不足的问题。通过文献研究和实地考察,以期对这些争论予以客观评价,并试图对黄道婆这个历史人物尽可能客观地进行历史还原。研究认为:黄道婆的籍贯很难考证,也没有必要过多地纠结于此和人为地制造某种籍贯联系;黄道婆的身份应为民籍,而非匠籍或道教中人;黄道婆如果真的改革王祯《农书》中所载的棉纺织技术,则其到达上海的时间为1276年左右,而非元代元贞年间。如果黄道婆是元代元贞年间到达上海,则其并没有改革王祯《农书》中所载的棉纺织技术,而只是一个无私传授这些棉纺织技术的教育者;黄道婆不可能在花楼织机上织造复杂织物,其"错纱、配色、综线、挈花"只可能在原始腰机上使用挑花技术进行。There are many debates about Huang Daopo. However,the dominant views in academic circles lack some evidences. This paper aims at objective evaluation of the views and descriptions of Huang Daopo through literature survey and field investigation. This paper holds that it＇s hard to determine Huang Daopo＇s native place,and there are no need to focus on this and create Huang Daopo＇s native place. Huang Daopo was a common person instead of a craftman or Taoist designated by the government of the Ming dynasty. If Huang Daopo really reformed cotton textile technology recorded in Nongshu written by Wang Zhen,Huang Daopo arrived in Shanghai about 1276 instead of Yuanzhen period of Yuan dynasty. If Huang Daopo arrived in Shanghai in Yuanzhen period of Yuan dynasty,Huang Daopo didn＇t reform cotton textile technology recorded in Nongshu written by Wang Zhen,but she was only an educator in order to spread the advanced technology on cotton textile to Shanghai area. Huang Daopo didn＇t weave complex fabric in draw loom,her techniques about staggered yarn,color matching,heddle and qiehua could be only operated in original waist machine.

关 键 词：黄道婆 籍贯 身份 错纱 配色 综线 挈花 

分 类 号：TS114.2[轻工技术与工程—纺织材料与纺织品设计] K816.3[轻工技术与工程—纺织科学与工程]