温度对绿豆象种群增长的影响  

Effects of temperature on the population growth of Callosobruchus chinensis L.(Coleoptera:Bruchidae)

作　　者：刘昌燕[1] 李莉[1] 焦春海[1] 陈宏伟[1] 刘良军[1] 万正煌[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,粮食作物种质创新与遗传改良湖北省重点实验室,武汉430064

出　　处：《植物保护》2016年第6期72-75,94,共4页Plant Protection

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-09);科技部国际合作重点项目(2011DFB31620);湖北省农科院青年科学基金(2014NKYJJ35)

摘　　要：在实验室条件下以绿豆为食料饲养绿豆象,在20、25、30和35℃等4个温度条件下,逐日观察记录绿豆象产卵量、卵孵化数和成虫羽化数等生物学参数。结果表明,随着温度的升高,绿豆象卵期、豆内期、未成熟期、雄虫历期及雌虫历期逐渐缩短,温度从20℃升至35℃时,卵历期从18.33d缩短为4.40d,豆内期从36.43d缩短为15.20d,未成熟期从54.76d缩短至19.60d,雄虫历期从43.93d缩短至8.07d,雌虫历期从25.33d缩短至8.07d。在20℃下,绿豆象卵、豆内期及未成熟期存活率均最低,且与其他3个温度差异显著。在20℃下,绿豆象产卵历期最长,为20.67d,但总产卵量及雌性比例均较其他3个温度低,分别为43.33粒和33.27%。绿豆象卵、豆内期、未成熟期及整个世代的发育起点温度分别为14.69、11.11、12.03和13.73℃,有效积温分别为82.63、342.87、427.94和565.59日·度。在35℃时,绿豆象内禀增长率和周限增长率均最大,分别为0.044 58和1.045 58。研究结果表明,在30~35℃条件下,最有利于种群增长,为绿豆象发育的最适宜温度。The biological characteristics（number of egg hatch,adult eclosion,oviposition）of Callosobruchus chinensis on mung bean were systematically recorded day by day under the conditions of a series of temperatures（20,25,30 and35℃）in the laboratory.The egg stage,larval and pupal duration,immature stage,male duration and female duration of C.chinensis decreased with increasing temperature.From 20℃ to 35℃,the egg stage shortened from18.33 d to 4.40 d;the larval and pupal durations reduced from36.43 d to 15.20 d;the immature stage shortened from54.76 d to19.60 d;the male duration was decreased from43.93 d to8.07 d;the female duration reduced from25.33 d to 8.07 d.At 20℃,the survival percentages during egg,larval and pupal and immature stages were the lowest,significantly different from those at the other three temperatures.The oviposition period of C.chinensis was the longest（20.67 d）at 20℃,but total egg number and female proportion were lower than at the other three temperatures,which were 43.33 eggs and 33.27%,respectively.The developmental thresholds of egg,larval,pupal,immature periods and the whole generation were 14.69,11.11,12.03 and13.73℃,respectively;the effective accumulative temperatures were 82.63,342.87,427.94 and 565.59 degreedays,respectively.At 35℃,the intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of increase were the maximum（0.044 58 and 1.045 58）.The most beneficial temperature to the population growth of C.chinensis ranged from30℃ to35℃,which was also the optimal temperature range for growth and development of C.chinensis.

关 键 词：绿豆象 温度 生长发育 种群增长 

分 类 号：S433.5[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]