中国页岩气的储层类型及其制约因素  

China Shale Gas Reservoir Types and Its Controlling Factors

作　　者：琚宜文[1,2] 戚宇[1,2] 房立志[1,2] 朱洪建 王国昌[1,2] 王桂梁[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院计算地球动力学重点实验室,北京100049 [2]中国科学院大学地球科学学院,北京100049 [3]中国矿业大学资源与地球科学学院,江苏徐州221008

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2016年第8期782-799,共18页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目"构造演化过程中泥页岩层变形作用及其富气机理研究"(编号:41530315);国家自然科学基金面上项目"页岩流变的纳米效应及其赋气机理研究"(编号:41372213)资助~~

摘　　要：页岩气是重要的非常规天然气能源。按页岩气储层的沉积环境将页岩分为海相、海陆过渡相和陆相页岩3种类型,由此总结了中国海相、海陆过渡相和陆相富有机质页岩的地层、分布及储层特征。海相页岩单层厚度大、分布范围大,空间连续性好;海陆过渡相地层中页岩具有单层薄、累积厚度大、频繁互层的特征;陆相页岩在平面上规模相对小、展布受到河湖相的控制。不同沉积相页岩在气体成分、赋存状态、气体成因等方面具有一定的共性,但由于页岩气储层的沉积环境不同,海相、海陆过渡相和陆相页岩在厚度、分布和岩性组合特征等方面又有较大差别。对比中美主要产气页岩储层的制约因素,结果表明,有机质丰度、有机质演化程度、有机质类型等因素制约着页岩的生烃;矿物的比例及结构、有机质的演化程度、有机质类型、孔隙及裂隙结构、页岩气赋存及运移条件、埋藏深度和有效厚度等因素影响页岩气富集成藏。Shale gas is an important unconventional natural gas. This paper classified shale into three types,which are marine,marine-continental transitional and continental facies shales,and summarized strata,distributions and reservoir features of the three kinds of shales. Marine face shale usually occurs in large scale and great thickness,and has widespread distributions; transitional face shale has the characteristics of thin layers,large multiple thickness and frequent interbedding,while the distribution of terrestrial face shale is relative narrow. Different shale reservoirs have similarities in gas compositions,occurrence states,gas origins. But they also differ in thickness,distributions and rock associations,etc.,because of different sedimentary environments. Comparing reservoir characteristics of Chinese and American shale,organic matter abundance,maturity and types control the gas generation; mineral compositions and structures,organic matter maturity and types,pore and fracture structures,gas occurrence and migration characteristics,burial depth,and effective thickness control the shale gas accumulation.

关 键 词：页岩气 储层类型 生烃特征 赋存特征 制约因素 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]