果树行间生草对苹果园土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of Growing Grass on Soil Fertility of the Apple Orchard

作　　者：李尚玮[1] 杨文权[2] 赵冉[3] 韩明玉[4] 寇建村[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [4]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《草地学报》2016年第4期895-900,共6页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31302027);国家科技支撑项目(2013BAD20B03);国家苹果产业技术体系项目(CARS-28);中央高校基本科研业务费(2452015071)(2452015298)资助

摘　　要：为了解长期生草对果园土壤肥力的影响,以苹果树（Malus pumila Mill.）行间种植白三叶（Trifolium repens L.）、高羊茅（Festuca arundinacea Schreb.）和自然生草的土壤为处理,以＂清耕＂的果树行间土壤为对照,研究生草6年后苹果园土壤肥力变化。结果表明：在0～20cm土壤中,生草和＂清耕＂的土壤全氮、全磷、硝态氮、铵态氮含量均随土层加深呈下降的趋势。相比于对照,白三叶能显著（P〈0.05）提高土壤全氮、速效氮、硝态氮、铵态氮和有机质的含量,而高羊茅对全磷、全钾和速效钾的含量有显著提高（P〈0.05）,自然生草对提高速效磷含量的效果最好。说明生草可以提高果园土壤肥力,但不同草种对土壤氮、磷、钾的影响不一,应该合理配置草种,保证氮、磷、钾的均衡供应。In order to learn the effect of the long-term grass-interplanted orchard on soil fertility,the soil fertility of the apple orchard was studied on the sixth year after the grasses-interplanting.The treatments were the apple（Malus pumila Mill.）orchards interplanting with white clover（Trifolium repens L.）,tall fescue（Festuca arundinacea Schreb.）and the natural grasses,respectively.The cleaning-tillage orchard was taken as the control.The results showed with the soil depth increased in the 0～20cm,the total nitrogen（N）and phosphorus（P）,the nitrate and ammonium N of all treatments and the control tended to decrease.Compared with the control,white clover significantly increased the total N,the available N,the nitrate N,the ammonium N and the content of the organic matter of soil（P〈0.05）.Tall fescue significantly increased the total P,the total and the available kalium（K）（P〈0.05）.The natural grasses had the best effect on the improvement of the available soil P.In conclusion,interplanting grasses in apple orchard could increase soil fertility,but different grasses had different effects on the soil N,P and K.Therefore,it is important to choose the right grass to ensure the balanced supply of N,P and K.

关 键 词：种草 苹果园 土壤肥力 白三叶 高羊茅 

分 类 号：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学]