宁波城乡环境和学生头发中重金属含量分析  

An Analysis on Heavy Metal Contents in Environmental Samples and Students’ Hair in Ningbo Area

作　　者：毛国传[1,2] 谷元亮 胡丹标[3] 张立军[4] 王立[2] 邱红霞 金米聪[2] 周琪[1] 王亚飞[1] 苏红[1] 邹宝波[1] 赵进顺[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学医学院,宁波315211 [2]宁波市疾病预防控制中心,宁波315010 [3]宁海县疾病预防控制中心,宁波315600 [4]宁波市江东区疾病预防控制中心,宁波315040 [5]宁波市镇海区蛟川街道社区卫生服务中心,宁波315207

出　　处：《上海环境科学》2016年第5期192-198,共7页Shanghai Environmental Sciences

基　　金：宁波市科技局重点项目,编号:2012C5019

摘　　要：为比较宁波市不同区域（城郊．工业区，农村）的镉（Cd）、铜（Cu）、锰（Mn）、铬（Cr）、铅（Pb），锌（Zn）、汞（Hg）等重金属污染情况，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）对宁波市3个地区环境中蔬菜、土壤、积尘、灌溉水、饮用水和学生头发中的7种重金属含量进行了测定和分析。结果显示，城郊青菜．芹菜和工业区大白菜、芹菜中的cd均值超过GBl8406．1-2001限值，城郊、工业区蔬菜cd超标率分别为62％、33％，蔬菜中Cd、Cu和Cr含量以城郊为最高，蔬菜中Pb和Mn的含量以工业区为最高。灌溉水和饮用水中重金属含量均较低，且以农村灌溉水中重金属含量为最低。城郊菜地土壤中的Cd和Zn的平均含量均超过土壤二级质量标准。城郊菜地土壤中Cd、Cu、Hg和zn的含量均高于农村和工业区。3个研究地区积尘中重金属含量均较高，其中Cd、Pb．Zn均显著超过土壤中含量。女生头发中的Cd、Cu、Mn、Cr，Pb、zn均比男生高，城郊和工业区学生头发中Cd、Pb含量}B农村高。城郊学生头发中Pb超标率为30．4％。蔬菜、土壤、灌溉水中重金属之间存在着一定的正相关关系，宁波环境与学生头发中Cd含量分布基本吻合。鉴于Cd、Pb等重金属污染现状，宁波城郊土地基本不适合种植蔬菜粮食；工业区周边农田应控制蔬菜的种植。To compare the heavy metal pollution in different areas （suburbs, industrial quarters and rural areas） in Ningbo City, contents of various heavy metals such as cadmium, copper, manganese, chromium, lead, zinc, and mercury in environmental samples including different vegetables, soils, dusts, irrigation water and drinking water as well as students＇ hair collected from those three different areas were analysed by using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）. The results showed that cadmium contents in greens and celery growing in suburbs, in cabbage and celery growing in industrial quarters were not in compliance with the national standard （GB 18406.1-2001） with limit exceeding rates of 62% and 33%, respectively. In vegetable samples, the highest contents of cadmium, copper, and chromium were found in suburbs, whilst that of manganese and lead occurred in industrial quarters. Heavy metal contents in irrigation water and drinking water were both rather low and that in the former one was lower than in the latter. The average contents of cadmium and zinc in vegetable plot soils in suburbs exceeded the relevant limits of the second grade of soil standard. Cadmium, copper, zinc and mercury contents in vegetable plot soils in suburbs were the highest among that in those three areas. Highheavy metal contents in dusts were found, and especially cadmium, lead and zinc contents were significantly higher than that in soils. Cadmium, copper, manganese, chromium, lead and zinc contents in hair of girls were higher than that of boys, whilst cadmium and lead contents in students＇ hair in suburbs and industrial quarters were higher than that in rural areas with lead content in 30.4% of students＇ hair has exceeded its standard limit in suburbs. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation among the heavy metals in vegetables, soils and irrigation water. Distributions of cadmium content in the environment of Ningbo and in students＇ hair were basically consistent. In view of the current

关 键 词：重金属 头发 蔬菜 土壤 环境污染 宁波市 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]