基于“3414”试验的玉米杂交种桂单162优化施肥方案  

Optimized fertilization scheme for hybrid maize Guidan 162 based on 3414 experiment

作　　者：郑加兴[1] 王兵伟[1] 覃永嫒[1] 覃嘉明[1] 黄安霞[1] 时成俏[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院玉米研究所,南宁530007

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2016年第10期1688-1692,共5页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家农业科技成果转化资金项目(2014GB2E100285);广西科学研究与技术开发计划项目(桂科重14121001-2-21)

摘　　要：【目的】研究玉米杂交种桂单162高产高效栽培最佳氮、磷、钾肥施用量,为提高其增产潜力及在广西的进一步推广提供科学依据。【方法】采用"3414"试验设计方案建立肥料效应函数,求解函数效应,分析不同施肥水平对玉米产量的影响及获得最佳经济产量时的最优施肥量。【结果】各试验因子对玉米产量的作用效应为N>K_2O>P_2O_5。在不同类型肥料效应函数中,利用三元二次函数计算的最高产量为8390.8 kg/ha,肥料成本(2959.5元/ha)相对较低,产投比(5.67)相对较高;最佳经济产量(7145.5 kg/ha)虽相对较低,但肥料成本(2022.9元/ha)在所有函数中最低,产投比(7.07)最高。【结论】采用"3414"试验设计方案进行玉米品种桂单162的优化施肥是可行的,利用三元二次肥料效应函数获得桂单162的最优施肥方案为:N 176.8 kg/ha,P_2O_563.1 kgha,K_2O 96.3 kg/ha,可获得最佳经济产量7145.2 kg/ha,产投比为7.07。【Objective】The experiment was conducted to determine the optimal appliation rate of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on hybrid maize Guidan 162 in order to increase its potential yield and provide a scientific basis for its further promotion in Guangxi.【Method 】Using 3414 fertilizer experiment design,fertilizer effect function was established and function effect was solved.Effects of different fertilization levels on maize yield and the optimal fertilization amount when maize reaching optimum sustainable yield were analyzed.【ResultjThe effects of different parameters on yield of maize are as follows：N〉K2O〉P2O5.In different-kind fertilizer effect functions,the maximum yield was 8390.8 kg/ha calculated with ternary quadratic equation.The fertilizer cost（2959.9 yuan/ha） was low,input-output ratio（5.67） was high.Although optimum sustainable yield（7145.5 kg/ha） was low,fertilizer cost（2022.9 yuan/ha） was the lowest among all functions and input-output ratio（7.07） was the highest.【Conclusion】3414 experiment design scheme can be adopted to optimize fertilization of maize variety Guidan 162.The recommended fertilization parameters of maize obtained from ternary quadratic equation was N 176.8 kg/ha,P2O5 63.1 kg/ha,K2O 96.3 kg/ha.The optimum sustainable yield is 7145.2 kg/ha,and the input-output ratio is 7.07.

关 键 词：杂交玉米 桂单162 “3414”肥料试验 施肥参数 肥料效应函数 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]