告别内战——以“内战”为线索论霍布斯从自然国家到契约国家的规范性重构  

Farewell to the civil war: Normative reconstruction of a contract state from a natural state in Hobbes' s political writings of the civil war

作　　者：郭小雨[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学,上海201620

出　　处：《云南大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第6期69-79,共11页The Journal of Yunnan University:Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：内战不仅是伴随霍布斯政治理论写作的真实外部背景,也是从理论内部推动其规范性建国道路演进的关键力量之一。在这个意义上,文章尝试结合"自然状态"和"自然国家"两个霍布斯的理论要素分析内战,并强调后者在秩序结构方面与内战的关联,以及因此用契约国家代替自然国家的必要性。以此为目标,文章首先阐明的是,"自然状态"这一理论框架不能完全覆盖对内战的解释;其次,论证霍布斯"自然国家"的秩序特征和契约结构能够更为恰切地解释内战爆发的原因,包括英国内战面临的具体历史和现实情况;最后,文章借助考察"自然国家"在霍布斯政治理论中的位置及其变化,以进一步澄清针对自然国家契约结构的不稳定性,用契约建国的政治安排代替力量对比形成之自然秩序的理论意义。The civil war is not only the real exterior background of Hobbes＇s political writings, but also one of the essential interior driving forces to fulfill the normative construction of Leviathan. In this sense, this paper tries to analyze the civil war with a con- sideration of ＂natural state＂ and ＂the state of nature＂ in Hobbes＇s political theories, stressing the close relationship between the political order of ＂the state of nature＂ and the causes of the civil war, which actually reveals the necessity to replace ＂the state of nature＂ by the contract state. Aiming at these goals, the paper firstly clarifies that the civil war cannot be fully comprehended due to the theoretical scheme of ＂natural state＂ ; secondly, it focuses on the characteristics of order and the structure of contract in ＂the state of nature＂, which could help us to expound the causes of a civil war more precisely, including the concrete situation and political realities of the English Civil War; lastly, through examining the different functions and changes of content in formula- ring ＂the state of nature＂ in Hobbes＇s vital political works, the paper explains the unsteady order construction of this specific state. In this way, the theoretical significance of building a contract state will be illuminated more adequately.

关 键 词：霍布斯 内战 自然状态 自然国家 

分 类 号：D09[政治法律—政治学]