中国中西部大型盆地差异演化与碎屑岩油气响应  

Differential characteristics of large-scale basin evolution and hydrocarbon response of clastic strata in central-western China

作　　者：方成名[1,2] 黄泽光[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)资源学院,武汉430074 [2]中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所,江苏无锡214126

出　　处：《石油实验地质》2016年第6期703-712,共10页Petroleum Geology & Experiment

基　　金：国家"十二五"重大科技专项"大型油气田及煤层气开发"(2011ZX05002-006);中国石化科技项目(P15098)资助

摘　　要：以碎屑岩油气成藏体系为核心,将中西部大型盆地(四川、鄂尔多斯、准噶尔和塔里木)置于统一时空体系,分析晚古生代以来原型及其更迭对成藏体系形成、分布的控制与油气响应,明确勘探方向。研究认为,构造体制转换期的原型沉降结构差异约束了主力烃源岩及源内、内源近源成藏体系的形成与分布,原型更迭产生的构造形变决定了内源远源、外源与混源成藏体系的时空展布。不同成藏体系的油气行为受中、新生代陆内体制原型的叠加改造控制,表现为:1转换期前渊叠加产生的差异性构造沉降控制了内源近源成藏体系大面积岩性油气藏的形成和近隆起/斜坡相对富集;2燕山晚期以来的掀斜隆升改造致使早期近源油气藏发生调整与贫化;3燕山期以来的断裂改造控制了近源成藏体系油气局部富集高产与内源远源、外源成藏体系油气藏的形成。中部盆地碎屑岩油气勘探主攻方向为燕山期隆起斜坡区内源近源、源内成藏体系,西部盆地优先选择活动隆起压扭性断裂发育区的内源远源、外源成藏体系。Taking the petroleum accumulation system of clastic strata as the core, and the largescale basins in the central-western China （Sichuan, Ordos, Junggar and Tarim） as a unified space-time system, we discussed the formation and distribution of accumulation systems and their petroleum response under the control of the superposition of basins since the Late Paleozoic. The formation and distribution of main hydrocarbon source rock strata, selfsourced and selfandnearsourced petroleum accumulation systems were constrained by the differential structure of prototype compaction during a tectonic transition period. The selfandfarsourced, externally sourced and hybridsourced petroleum accumulation systems were controlled by the tectonic deformation caused by basin superposition. The superposition of intercontinental systems in the Mesozoic to Cenozoic controlled petroleum behavior in different accumulation systems. First, differential tectonic subsidence which generated by foredeep overlap during a tectonic transition period controlled the formation of large lithologic hydrocarbon reservoirs and relative enrichment near tectonic uplift/slope zones in selfandnearsourced petroleum accumulation systems. Second, the late Yanshanian uplift tilting made the early nearsourcing hydrocarbon reservoirs adjust or dilute. Finally, fault activities ever since the Yanshanian controlled the partial enrichment and highyielding of hydrocarbon in selfsourced petroleum accumulation systems, and the formation of selfandfarsourced and externally sourced petroleum accumulation systems. The selfandnearsourced and selfsourced petroleum accumulations in the Yanshanian uplift or slope are the main hydrocarbon exploration targets in clastic strata in the central basin. In the western basin, we should focus on the externallysourced and selfandfarsourced petroleum accumulation systems on the compressionwrench fault belts of active uplifts.

关 键 词：成藏体系 盆地原型 油气响应 碎屑岩层系 中国中西部 

分 类 号：TE121.1[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]