经济决策中人际信任博弈的理论模型与脑机制  

The theoretical models and brain mechanisms of interpersonal trust game during economic decision-making

作　　者：张蔚[1] 张振[2] 高宇[2] 段华平[2] 吴兴南[2] 

机构地区：[1]贵阳护理职业学院,贵阳550081 [2]福州大学人文社会科学学院应用心理学系,福州350116

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2016年第11期1780-1791,共12页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金(15YJC190031);国家自然科学基金(31371045);教育部人文社科研究基地重大项目(12JJD190004)资助

摘　　要：信任是指个体在缺乏足够信息来判断他人动机、意图和行为的情况下,将社会资源交给对方处置并承担相应风险的意愿。作为一种基本的社会信号机制,信任对于发展和维持良好社会关系具有重要作用。借助信任博弈范式,研究者揭示了人际信任的认知神经机制并建构了多种理论,包括背叛厌恶理论、社会规范理论、道德规范理论和默认行为模型。脑成像研究发现信任行为主要涉及内侧前额叶、尾状核、杏仁核和脑岛等脑区,其中内侧前额叶主要参与心理推理、情绪认知与调控等过程,尾状核参与同伴值得信赖性的习得与编码,杏仁核和脑岛则主要参与风险、不确定性和背叛恐惧加工。今后研究应侧重不同理论之间的补充与整合,强化不同脑区之间的功能连接与整体性,并注重信任行为中的个体差异。Widely regarded as a paradoxical phenomenon, trust refers to one＇s willingness to place one＇s resources at the disposal of another party, sometimes without adequate information for judging the other person＇s motives, intentions, and actions. As a fundamental social signaling mechanism, trust plays an important role in the development and maintenance of well-functioning relationships. Using the Trust Game, researchers have explored cognitive neural mechanisms of interpersonal trust and have proposed four theories including the betrayal aversion theory, social norm theory, moral norm theory, and the default behavior model. Neuroimaging studies have indicated certain brain regions to be differentially associated with the decision to trust, including medial prefrontal cortex, caudate nucleus, amygdala, and insula. Future research should emphasize the integration of different theories under the framework of multi-level analysis, pursue functional connectivity analysis of brain regions, and take individual difference factors into consideration.

关 键 词：经济决策:信任博弈 理论模型 神经基础 

分 类 号：B845[哲学宗教—心理学] B849