轮作模式下设施菜地主要重金属元素空间分布特征  

Spatial Distribution Features of Main Heavy Metal Elements in Greenhouse Soil under Rotation Mode

作　　者：孙凯宁[1] 王克安[1] 杨宁[1] 吕晓惠 

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所/国家蔬菜改良中心山东分中心/山东省设施蔬菜生物学重点实验室,山东济南250100

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2016年第11期81-84,共4页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省科技发展计划项目(2014GNC112008);山东省农业科学院科技创新重点项目子课题(2014CXZ01-2);山东省中以国际合作专项(2015SDY0103)

摘　　要：选取代表性日光温室,以设施菜地中主要重金属元素（Cd、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni）为研究对象,对两种种植模式（连作、轮作）条件下6种重金属元素在土体中的空间分布特征进行调查研究。结果表明：连作模式条件下,土壤中Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu含量具有表聚的趋势,0~20 cm耕作层为主要分布区,且土层越深含量越低,As、Ni含量在0~60 cm土层范围内则呈现先降后升的趋势。参照HJ 333—2006《温室蔬菜产地环境质量评价标准》发现,连作模式0~20 cm土层中Cd、As分别超出限量值220%、15.6%;而轮作模式可显著降低0~20 cm耕作层Cd、As含量降幅分别达37.5%、6.2%;与连作相比,轮作增加了6种重金属元素在20~40 cm土层中的含量。综上所述,在设施菜地遭受重金属污染后,采用轮作模式可以减少主要重金属元素在土壤耕作层的积聚,使其往下层土壤迁移,从而减轻了设施农产品对耕作层中重金属污染物的吸收。Selecting typical greenhouses as research objects,the spatial distribution features of Cd,As,Pb,Cr,Cu and Ni under two planting patterns（ continuous cropping and crop rotation） were investigated and studied. The results showed that under the condition of continuous cropping,the contents of Cd,Pb,Cr,Cu in the soil had surface aggregation tendency,and 0 ~ 20 cm plow layer was the main distribution area. Meanwhile,the deeper the soil layer,the lower the contents. The As,Ni contents showed the trend of firstly increased and then decreased within the 0 ~ 60 cm soil layer. According to HJ 333—2006 ＂greenhouse vegetable production environment quality assessment standards＂,the Cd,As contents in the 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer under continuous cropping pattern exceeded the limited value of 220% and 15. 6%,respectively. The rotation mode could significantly decrease the contents of Cd and As in 0 ~ 20 cm plow layer by 37. 5% and 6. 2%,respectively. Compared with the continuous cropping,the crop rotation increased the contents of 6 kinds of heavy metal elements in 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer. In summary,the rotation mode could reduce the heavy metalsaccumulation in plow layer after greenhouse suffered heavy metal pollution,and make them move down to the subsoil to reduce the absorption of agricultural products to heavy metal pollutants.

关 键 词：轮作 日光温室 重金属 污染 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]