有机肥对桃幼树铬胁迫缓解效果的研究  

Remission Effects of Organic Manure on Young Peach Trees under Cr Stress

作　　者：王娜娜[1] 彭福田[1] 张亚飞[1] 肖元松[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2016年第11期93-99,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-31-3-03);山东高校优秀科研创新团队计划项目

摘　　要：以2年生‘鲁星/毛桃’（Amygdalus persica Linn.）为试材,通过盆栽模拟试验,研究不同浓度铬（0、100、200 mg/kg）胁迫下有机肥对桃幼树生长状况、土壤酶活性及桃幼树各部位对Cr吸收分配的影响。结果表明,随着外源Cr胁迫程度的加剧,桃幼树表现出叶绿素含量下降、光合作用减弱、干周增长速率减小、干物质积累量降低的趋势。施加有机肥可以不同程度地缓解Cr胁迫对桃幼树生长的影响,增大植株生物量。Cr胁迫下,土壤酶活性受到抑制,有机肥能缓解Cr对土壤酶活性的抑制作用,除蔗糖酶外,脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和蛋白酶活性较未施有机肥处理显著提高。通过测定植株内Cr含量可知,Cr胁迫下桃幼树各部位Cr含量显著增加;施用有机肥对降低植株各部位Cr积累效果显著,重度Cr胁迫下,施加有机肥处理比未施有机肥处理桃幼树各部位Cr含量降低了39.2%~85.3%。可见,通过增施有机肥能够明显减缓Cr胁迫对桃幼树的伤害,增强植株对Cr的抵抗力。Using two- year- old ‘Luxing/wild peach＇（ Amygdalus persica Linn.） as the research object,the pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of organic manure on plant growth,soil enzyme activities and Cr concentration in each part of peach trees under different levels of Cr stress（ 0,100,200 mg/kg）. The results showed that with the increase of Cr stress level,the peach trees showed a decreasing trend on the chlorophyll content,photosynthesis,growth rate of trunk girth and accumulation amount of dry mass. The application of organic manure could mitigate the impact of Cr stress on the growth of young peach trees to some extent and increase the plant biomass. Under the Cr stress,the activities of soil enzymes were inhibited. Applying organic manure could alleviate the inhibitory effects of Cr on soil enzyme activities. The activities of urease,phosphatase,catalase and protease except for invertase were significantly enhanced by applying organic manure than those of no organic manure treatment. The Cr concentration in plant samples were studied by ICP- Ms using microwave digestion. It showed that the concentration of Cr in various organs significantly increased under Cr stress. Organic manure could remarkably reduce the accumulation of Cr in plants under exogenous Cr stress. Under the high Cr dosage stress,the Cr concentration in each part of peach trees decreased by 39. 2% ~ 85. 3% after organic manure application than those of no organic manure application.Above all,the application of organic manure could obviously mitigate the injury of peach trees by Cr stress and enhance the resistance of plants to Cr pollution.

关 键 词：桃树 有机肥 铬胁迫 缓解 

分 类 号：S141.2[农业科学—肥料学] S662.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]