疏勒河流域生态需水量研究  

Study of ecological water requirement of Shule River Basin

作　　者：牛夏[1,2] 王启优 

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学电子与信息工程学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]长江水利委员会水文局长江上游水文水资源勘测局,重庆400014 [3]甘肃省水文水资源局,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《人民长江》2016年第22期21-25,共5页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(91125015);水利部公益性科研项目(201301083)

摘　　要：采用Tennant法、近10 a最枯月实测径流量法、90%保证率法、月年保证率法分别计算了疏勒河流域的生态基流;对敏感生态需水(包括河流湿地生态需水、湖泊生态需水、重要水生生物生态需水),采用流域典型区进行计算。疏勒河流域生态需水即为其生态基流与敏感生态需水之和。在对上述方法进行比较、分析的基础上,得出的90%的保证率法即为疏勒河流域生态基流比较合适的计算方法。计算结果表明:该河流域生态基流的所需水量为河流90%保证率下的最枯月平均流量的23%,河流的湿地生态需水量为6.40亿m^3,湖泊生态需水量为0.14亿m^3,重要水生生物的生态需水量为0.23亿m^3。在此基础上,通过计算得出疏勒河流域的生态需水量为6.77亿m^3。据此确定了疏勒河流域水生态红线和生态特征流量值,可为最严格水资源管理及水生态红线管理提供参考依据。The ecological base flows of Shule River Basin are calculated by Tennant method,the driest month runoff measured in recent 10-years,90% assurance rate method,the monthly and annual assurance rate method. The sensitive ecological water requirements of wetlands,lakes and important aquatic organisms are calculated for the typical areas in the basin. The ecological water requirement of Shule River Basin is the sum of its ecological base flow and sensitive ecological water requirement. By comparison and analysis of the above methods,it is concluded that the 90% assurance rate method is suitable for the calculation of the ecological base flow in the basin. The results showed that the ecological base flow is 23% of the average flow in the driest month of 90% assurance rate. The ecological water requirement of wetlands,lakes and important aquatic organisms are 6. 40 ×10^8,0. 14 × 10^8m3 and 0. 23 × 10^8m3 respectively,so the ecological water requirement of the basin is 6. 77 × 10^8m3. Based on the results,the water ecological warning line and ecological characteristic flow are determined,providing the reference for the most stringent water resources management.

关 键 词：生态需水 生态基流 敏感生态需水 水生态红线 生态特征流量值 疏勒河 

分 类 号：TV211[水利工程—水文学及水资源]