基于不同质地土粒度测试方法的研究  

Study on the testing method for soil particle size distribution based on different soil texture

作　　者：明姣[1] 张泽[1] 赵允格[2] 张中琼[1] 杜玉霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,冻土工程国家重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,黄土高原土侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《工程勘察》2016年第12期1-6,12,共7页Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying

基　　金：冻土工程国家重点实验室自主课题(Y452F11001);国家自然科学基金(41301070;41501072);甘肃省交通运输厅科技项目(2014-03);中科院西部之光西部博士项目(张泽)

摘　　要：土的粒度组成是土的基本物理属性之一,传统的土的粒度分析方法有移液管法和密度计法,激光法是近年来新兴的粒度分析方法。然而,这三种方法由于其测试原理的差异导致其测试结果存在定性及定量的差异。本文研究选取粉土和粉质黏土两种不同质地土,通过进行室内粒度分析试验,描述了移液管法、密度计法及激光法三种方法测得结果的粒径分布曲线特征,并讨论了三者之间的差异,结果表明：三种粒度分析方法中激光法精密度最高,移液管法次之,密度计法最低;粒径在2~0.1mm范围内时,对于粉质黏土和粉土两种不同质地土,三种测试方法测试结果均无显著差异;粒径小于0.1mm时,移液管法和密度计法对粉质黏土的测试结果没有显著差异,均显著高于激光法,而粉土的测试结果则为移液管法最高、密度计法次之、激光法最低。在测定土的粒度组成时,激光法与移液管法之间可建立相应的转换关系。The particle-size composition is one of the basic soil physical properties. The sieve-pipette method and hydrometer method are the traditional approach to analyze the soil particle-size composition.The laser diffraction method is a new analysis instrument developed in recent years. However,due to the differences in the test principle,there are differences among the results from the three methods. This paper took two different textures of the soil to study the discrepancy of the three methods mentioned above. The study shows that the precision of the laser diffraction method is the best,the second is the pipette method and the hydrometer method is the worst. The differences of the test results show that when the measuring particle is about 2 ~ 0. 1mm,there no significant difference of the results among the three methods for the two textures of the soil; when the particle size comes to less than 0. 1mm,the results from laser diffraction method for the silt clay are lower than that from the other two method（ hydrometer method and sievepipette method）,but there no difference between this two methods; while for the silt,the content result from sieve-pipette method is the highest,the hydrometer method is the second and the laser diffractionmethod is the lowest. The results of soil particle size distribution with different textures measured from laser diffraction method could be converted by the linear regression equation with the results from sieve-pipette method.

关 键 词：粒径分布 激光法 密度计法 湿筛—移液管法 方法评定 

分 类 号：TU411.2[建筑科学—岩土工程]