环境因子对秦岭锐齿栎群落物种分布及多样性的影响  

Effects of environmental factors on species distribution and diversity of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata community in Qinling Mountains

作　　者：范得芳 王得祥[1] 柴宗政[1] 胡有宁[1] 保积存[1] 王涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第10期59-67,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31470644)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨秦岭锐齿栎群落物种分布及多样性与环境因子间的关系,并确定关键影响因子。【方法】在秦岭南坡火地塘林区锐齿栎群落中共设置典型样地30个,分乔、灌、草3层进行群落学调查,通过计测样地物种重要值、Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数以及海拔、坡度、坡向、坡位、土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、有机质、pH、含水量和土层厚度11个环境因子,采用冗余分析(RDA)探讨锐齿栎群落物种分布与各环境因子间的关系,偏RDA法分析各个环境因子对物种分布的总效应和净效应,用通径分析法探析环境因子对物种多样性的影响。【结果】(1)坡度、土壤全磷和全氮含量对物种分布的净效应达显著水平(P<0.05),且影响强度为坡度>全磷>全氮,其他环境因子净效应不显著(P>0.05)。(2)坡向对物种多样性的直接作用最大,土层厚度次之,直接通径系数分别为0.730和0.370。【结论】土壤和地形因子均会影响秦岭锐齿栎群落物种的分布及其多样性,其中坡度是影响秦岭火地塘锐齿栎群落物种分布最主要的环境因子,其次是土壤全磷和全氮含量;坡向与土层厚度是影响锐齿栎群落物种多样性的关键环境因子。【Objective】This study discussed the influence of environmental factors on species distribution and diversity of Quercus aliena var.acuteserratacommunity in Qinling Mountains,and determined the key environmental factors.【Method】Community investigation was conducted in 30 plots in Q.alienavar.acuteserratacommunity of Qinling Mountains and 11 environmental factors including elevation,slope,aspect,slope-position,soil total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,organic matter,pH,moisture content and soil depth were recorded.Based on important values and Shannon-Wiener diversity indices,redundancy analysis（RDA）was used to examine relationship between species distribution and environmental factors,partial RDA method was used to calculate the gross and net effects on species distribution,and path analysis was conducted to discuss the influence of environmental factors on species diversity.【Result】（1）Slope,soil total phosphorus and total nitrogen content had significant effect on species distribution（P〈0.05）with the impact intensity of slope〉total phosphorus 〉total nitrogen.Other environmental factors had no significant effect（P〈0.05）.（2）Aspect had the most direct effect on species diversity,followed by soil depth,and their direct path coefficients were 0.730 and 0.370,respectively.【Conclusion】Soil and ter-rain had significant effect on community characteristics of Q.alienavar.acuteserratain Qinling Mountains.Slope was the most significant factor affecting the species distribution,followed by soil total phosphorus and total nitrogen content.Aspect and soil depth were the key environmental factors for species diversity.

关 键 词：冗余分析(RDA) 通径分析 物种分布 物种多样性 锐齿栎群落 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学] S792.189