鳞砗磲的人工繁育和早期发生  

The artificial breeding and early development of the fluted giant clam(Tridacna squamosa) in South China Sea

作　　者：张跃环[1,2] 肖述[1,2] 李军[1,2] 马海涛 向志明[1,2] 张扬[1,2] 喻子牛[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南海海洋研究所,热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室,广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室,广东广州510301 [2]南海生物资源开发与利用协同创新中心,广东广州510275

出　　处：《水产学报》2016年第11期1713-1723,共11页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：中国科学院STS项目(KFJ-EW-STS-123);战略先导A专项(XDA13020200);重点部署项目(KGZD-EW-609);国家贝类现代产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-48);广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室运行经费(2014 B030301064)~~

摘　　要：基于2015年的预备性试验,于2016年3—6月在三亚开展了鳞砗磲人工繁育技术研究。结果显示,采用五羟色胺催产剂可以有效促使鳞砗磲排放配子,精卵比例为50∶1~100∶1时受精率、孵化率较高,孵化密度控制在15~20个/m L较适宜,经过36 h孵化,获得初孵D形幼虫;优选的D形幼虫经过5 d的微充气培养,即发育至足面盘幼虫,进入附着变态期。利用净水采苗法促使幼虫完成变态,经过7~10 d,幼虫出现鳃、次生壳,并建立完善的虫黄藻系统,即完成变态、形成稚贝。利用一定浓度虫黄藻浸泡足面盘幼虫2 h以内,可以有效地提高变态率。采用微流水＋微充气模式和2000~3000 lx光照（白天）进行稚贝培养,稚贝利用体内虫黄藻提供的营养就可以继续完成贝壳生长、器官发育。经过48 d和65 d的培育,分别成功获得壳长×壳高=（1174.0±146.5）μm×（1208.0±135.3）μm的稚贝约3万个,壳长×壳高=（1750.2±224.1）μm×（1816.5±226.5）μm的幼贝约0.5万个。本研究首次在国内人工繁育成功,获得了鳞砗磲苗种,为鳞砗磲人工大规模繁育、增殖放流、移植保育等工作奠定了基础。This is the first report of the successful artificial breeding attempts of the giant clam Tridacna squamosa in the South China Sea. Artificial breeding of the fluted giant clam was conducted under the conditions of temperature 27–30 °C, salinity 30–33, p H 8.0–8.3 during March to June 2016 at the Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan. The results showed that the serotonin can effectively promote gamete release; the hatching rate is higher when the ratio of sperm to eggs was maintained at 50–100 ： 1 with zygote density of15–20/m L; and the initial D-shaped larvae were obtained after 36 h of incubation. It took approximately five days of rearing for D-larvae to develop into the pediveliger larvae, entering metamorphic stage. Introduction of zooxanthellae was carried out after 6 days of rearing, and we found that larval metamorphosis was improved by soaking larvae（30–40 ind./m L） in 3×105–5×105/m L zooxanthellae for no more than 2 h. This ensured that larvae had taken up at least three zooxanthellae cells within their digestive glands. Pediveliger larvae were observed when larvae showed developed gills, secondary shell, and the establishment of zooxanthellae tubular system. After 7–10days of rearing, spats were observed under the condition of stationary seawater. Spats were cultured using slowflowing seawater under illumination of 2000–3000 lx, which could have promoted subsequent shell growth and organ development. During this stage, regular cleaning of filamentous algae is required, to prevent entanglement with spats and thus ensure the higher survival rate of spats. After 48 days and 65 days of culture, we obtained about 30000 spats with shell lengths of approximately 1.2 mm and ~5 000 youth with shell lengths of approximately 1.8 mm, respectively. This first study on the artificial breeding for the fluted giant clam can provide theoretical basis and reliable techniques for conducting giant clam aquaculture and transplantation work.

关 键 词：鳞砗磲 人工繁育 幼虫培育 附着变态 虫黄藻 稚贝培养 

分 类 号：S968.3[农业科学—水产养殖]