池塘底泥生物组成的季节性变化对刺参食物来源的影响  

Effects of seasonal changes in the composition of pond sediment on food sources of cultured sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus indicated by fatty acid biomarkers

作　　者：温彬[1,2] 高勤峰[1,2] 张乘 董双林[1,2] 于海波[1,2] 李卫东[1,3] 李泽明 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室,海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266235 [3]唐山海都海洋食品有限公司研发中心,河北唐山063506 [4]日照市万泽丰渔业有限公司,山东日照276800

出　　处：《水产学报》2016年第11期1724-1731,共8页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31672657,31372549)~~

摘　　要：为分析刺参养殖池塘底泥生物组成的季节变化及其对刺参食物来源的影响,本研究于2012年5—12月以16:1(n-7)/16:0及EPA作为硅藻的特征脂肪酸标志,20:4(n-6)作为褐藻的特征脂肪酸标志,DHA及DHA/EPA作为鞭毛藻或原生动物的特征脂肪酸标志,18:1(n-7)及奇数碳和支链脂肪酸(odd&br FAs)作为细菌的特征脂肪酸标志调查了荣成靖海湾刺参养殖池塘底泥和刺参脂肪酸组成的季节性变化特征。结果显示,硅藻、褐藻、多种异养细菌及鞭毛藻或原生动物为底泥的主要组成生物,且各类生物组成的季节变化显著,其中硅藻的特征脂肪酸16:1(n-7)/16:0及EPA最高值出现在冬季,褐藻的特征脂肪酸20:4(n-6)含量为秋季最高,细菌的特征脂肪酸18:1(n-7)及(odd&br FAs)最高值出现在夏季,鞭毛藻或原生动物的特征脂肪酸DHA含量为冬季最高。相关性分析显示,刺参食物中的硅藻、鞭毛藻或原生动物和细菌主要来源于底泥。研究表明,刺参养殖池塘底泥中主要生物组成季节性变化显著,进而引起刺参食物来源的季节性变化。In the present study, to examine seasonal changes in the compositions of pond sediment and the subsequent effects on the food sources of cultured sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus using fatty acid biomarkers, seasonal variations in the fatty acid profiles of sediment samples and A. japonicus were investigated in Jinghai Bay mariculture zone from May 2012 to December 2012. In the present experiment, ratio of 16：1（n-7）/16：0and EPA were selected as the trophic markers for diatoms, DHA and DHA/EPA for dinoflagellates or protozoa,20：4（n-6） for brown algae and odd-chain and branched-chain fatty acids（odd br FAs） along with 18：1（n-7） for heterotrophic bacteria. The results showed that the sediment samples were mainly composed of diatoms, brown algae, dinoflagellates or protozoa and bacteria and their compositions showed significantly seasonal variations as evidenced by the fatty acid trophic markers. The highest ratios of 16：1（n-7）/16：0 and contents of EPA（diatoms）were observed in winter, the highest concentrations of 20：4（n-6）（brown algae） were found in autumn, the highest levels of bacterial markers（odd br FAs） and 18：1（n-7） were detected in summer and the highest proportions of DHA（dinoflagellates or protozoa） were observed in winter. Correlation analysis showed that the food sources of A. japonicus were significantly and positively correlated with the diatoms, dinoflagellates or protozoa and bacteria.Results of present study suggested that the food sources of A. japonicus were significantly influenced by the seasonal changes in the compositions of sediment.

关 键 词：刺参 底泥 脂肪酸标志法 食物来源 

分 类 号：S968.9[农业科学—水产养殖]