磷灰石吸附铀试验及其铀成矿意义——以江西相山矿田为例  

Experiment on Apatite Adsorbing Uranium and Its Implication on Uranium Mineralization—Taking Xiangshan Orefield in Jiangxi as an Example

作　　者：王倩[1,2] 胡宝群[2] 宋金如[2] 牛建国[2] 邱林飞[3] 孙占学[2] 李满根[2] 吕古贤[4] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古赤峰地质矿产勘查开发院,内蒙古赤峰024000 [2]东华理工大学放射性地质与勘探技术国防重点学科实验室,江西南昌330013 [3]核工业北京地质研究院,北京100029 [4]中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《地球科学与环境学报》2016年第6期813-821,共9页Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41472069;41172078);江西省自然科学基金重大项目(20152ACB20015)

摘　　要：在相山矿田发现富矿体中铀矿物与磷灰石紧密共生,U含量与P2O5含量呈明显的正相关关系。磷灰石先形成,铀后被吸附而富集成矿。运用静态法研究磷灰石对铀的吸附行为,探讨了pH值、时间、温度及铀质量浓度等因素对磷灰石吸附铀的影响,并对吸附前后的磷灰石进行了X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)分析。结果表明:在酸性—弱酸性条件下,磷灰石可以在10min内自发地迅速吸附大量铀,吸附过程中无新的矿物相生成,铀呈非晶态吸附在磷灰石表面;磷灰石对铀的吸附同时符合Boyd液膜公式及Langmuir吸附等温模型;磷灰石对铀的最大吸附量可达94.3×10^(-3),吸附半衰期为33.97s。揭示的磷灰石吸附铀的规律有助于探讨磷灰石对相山矿田铀富集成矿的意义。Uranium minerals and apatite from high-grade ores in Xiangshan orefield are closely associated,and the relationship between contents of U and P2O5 is obvious positive.Apatite forms firstly,and then uranium is absorbed and mineralized.The adsorption behavior of apatite on uranium was studied by the means of static method,and the effects of pH value,time,temperature and mass concentration of uranium on apatite absorbing uranium were discussed.The XRD,SEM,EDS analyses before and after apatite absorbing uranium were compared.The results show that the apatite can rapidly absorb a lot of uranium in the acid-weakly acid conditionswithin 10min;there is no new mineral formed after the adsorption;uranium is adsorbed on the surface of apatite in amorphous substance;the adsorption can be described by Boyd liquid membrane formula and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model;the maximum adsorption of apatite on uranium is 94.3×10^（-3）,and the half-time of adsorption is 33.97 s.The above results,which reveal the regularity of apatite adsorbing uranium,are helpful for the study on uranium enrichment mineralization effected by apatite in Xiangshan orefield.

关 键 词：磷灰石 吸附 铀矿 富矿石 赋存特征 成矿作用 热液矿床 江西 

分 类 号：P611.5[天文地球—矿床学] P619.14[天文地球—地质学]