玉米/大豆间作提高农田生产力和水分利用效率研究  

Productivity Enhancement and Water Use Efficiency of Maize-soybean Intercropping

作　　者：安颖蔚[1] 史书强[1] 冯良山[1] 张鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《园艺与种苗》2016年第9期80-83,共4页Horticulture & Seed

基　　金：中央财政农业科技推广示范项目(GCNT-LN-15-2016);辽宁省青年创新人才项目(2014017);"十二五"国家科技支撑课题(2012BAD09B01)

摘　　要：[目的]开展适宜作物间作模式研究,提升农田生产力和资源利用效率。[方法]该研究以玉米和大豆单作为对照,对玉米/大豆间作群体水土利用特征进行研究。[结果]间作玉米条带耗水量从玉米拔节期后高于单作玉米,全生育期耗水量增加11.6 mm;间作大豆条带耗水量从齐苗后20 d之后低于单作大豆,全生育期耗水量减少28.2 mm。全生育期玉米/大豆间作群体耗水量较单作玉米减少3.6 mm,较单作大豆减少13.0 mm。间作玉米条带产量较单作玉米提高30.74%,水分利用效率提高6.57 kg/hm2/mm;但间作大豆条带产量较单作大豆降低9.44%,水分利用效率降低0.34 kg/hm2/mm。[结论]玉米/大豆间作可提高农田水土利用效率,土地当量比和水分当量比分别为1.11和1.12。[Objective] The aim was to study the suitable intercropping patterns, which could improve the productivity and the efficiency of resource utilization. [Method] Intercropping was an important technical way to optimize the agricultural planting structure in China. We studied the characteristics of soil and water use in maize-soybean intercropping and compared with the monocuhure of maize and soybean, lResultl In this study, the water consumption of intercropping maize was higher than that of monocuhure maize from the jointing stage of maize, and the total water consumption increased by 11.6 mm in the whole growth period. While the water consumption of intercropping soybean was lower than that of monocuhure soybean from after 20 d of soybean seedling emergence, the total water consumption decreased by 28.2 mm in the whole growth period. The water consumption of the whole system of maize-soybean intercropping decreased 3.6 mm than monoculture maize and decreased 13.0 mm than monoculture soybean. Maize yield and water use efficiency of intercropping increased 30.74% and 6.57 kg/ha/mm respectively, compared with that of monoculture, while soybean yield and water use efficiency of intercropping decreased 9.44% and 0.34 kg/ha/mm respectively, compared with that of monocuhure. The land equivalence ratio and water equivalence ratio of maize-soybean intercropping were 1. 11 and 1.12 respectively. [Conclusionl Maize-soybean intercropping could improve the efficiecy of soil and water utilization, land equivalence ratio and water equivalence ratio were 1.11 and 1.12, respectively.

关 键 词：玉米/大豆间作 土地当量比 水分当量比 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]