欧盟扩大中的“歧视性差异化”——以东扩中劳动力自由流动的过渡性限制为例  

Discriminatory Differentiation in the EU Enlargement Process: Transitional Arrangements on the Free Movement of Workers from the Central and Eastern European Countries

作　　者：陈洁[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学外国语学院国际战略与安全研究中心 [2]南京大学国际关系研究院

出　　处：《欧洲研究》2016年第5期66-78,共13页Chinese Journal of European Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"欧盟差异性一体化及其对我国推动命运共同体建设的启示研究"(项目编号:14CGJ004)的阶段性成果;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(项目编号:NJ20150039)的资助

摘　　要：欧盟的扩大进程产生了"歧视性差异化"现象,即在特定政策领域进行过渡性安排,对新成员国应享受的权利施加一定的限制。在东扩中,欧盟内部以及新老成员国之间围绕劳动力自由流动问题分歧不断。为了顺利完成扩大,欧盟对新成员国的劳动力自由流动设定了过渡性限制,形成"歧视性差异化"。扩大进程中产生的利益分配冲突是歧视性差异化产生的根源。在欧盟的具体政策领域,扩大对成员国产生了不同的影响,从而引发利益分配冲突,导致成员国成为相对的"受益者"或"受损者"。为此,欧盟借助过渡性安排来限制新成员国的特定权利,以对扩大中的相对利益受损国进行补偿。过渡性限制是解决扩大中分歧的工具之一,但对欧盟也具有负面影响,不仅导致"歧视性成员国身份"的出现,而且进一步强化了欧盟的"差异性一体化"特征。In the process of the EU's enlargement,discriminatory differentiation was created as a result of the transitional arrangements applied in specific areas which excluded the new member states temporarily from some of the rights that they should have enjoyed. During the EU Eastern enlargement,serious conflicts had arisen between the 'old'and 'new'members concerning the free movement of workers. To accomplish the widening process,the EU set out transitional arrangements on the free movement of workers from the Central and Eastern European countries,which thus gave rise to discriminatory differentiation. It is the conflict between different member states on interest distribution that led to such a situation. The en-largement affects the EU members in an uneven way which brough about the distributional conflicts and divided the member countries into 'winners'and 'losers'. In this case,the EU intended to adopt transitional arrangements to help compensate the'losers',which not only resulted in the discriminatory EU membership but enhanced the differentiation characteristic of the EU,although they have played some part in solving the odds between the member states.

关 键 词：欧盟扩大 “歧视性差异化” 过渡性限制 劳动力自由流动 

分 类 号：D814.1[政治法律—国际关系]