不同授粉方式下锥栗果实的生长发育特性  

Growth and development characteristics of Castanea henryi by different pollination methods

作　　者：朱周俊 袁德义[1] 范晓明[1] 张旭辉[1] 谭露曼 刘冬明[1] 李承想 王碧芳[1] 刘智强[1] 王刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]经济林培育与保护教育部重点实验室/经济林育种与栽培国家林业局重点实验室,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第6期644-648,共5页Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD14B04);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX2015B290);中南林业科技大学研究生科技创新基金资助项目(CX2015B09)

摘　　要：选用‘华栗3号’为材料,采用异交、自交、不授粉及自然授粉4种授粉方式探究锥栗（Costenm）果实的生长发育特性.结果表明：锥栗果实生长发育期约135d,异交、自然授粉的总苞和子房及自交、不授粉的总苞的鲜重均呈“慢-快-慢-快”的增长趋势,自交、不授粉的子房鲜重呈“慢-快-慢”的增长趋势,总苞和子房纵横径呈“慢-快-慢”增长趋势,果实成熟时总苞和子房大小均表现为异交〉自然授粉〉自交〉不授粉;不同授粉处理对锥栗座苞及落果的影响不同,异交、自然授粉经历了2次落果髙峰期,自交、不授粉则经历了3次落果髙峰期,落果最髙峰均出现在花后90~105d;不同授粉处理显著影响锥栗的结实率和空苞率,4种授粉处理的坐苞率、结实率大小均表现为异交〉自然授粉〉自交〉不授粉,空苞率大小表现为不授粉〉自交〉自然授粉〉异交.To optimize planting practices for maximum yield, ‘Huali 3’ Castanea henryi was pollinated by 4 methods, including cross pollination （ Cp） , self pollination （ Sp） , non-pollination （ Nop） and natural pollination （ Nap） . Fresh weights of involucre and ovary, vertical and horizontal development during the growth, rates of bud sitting, fruit abscission and empty bract were recorded. Results showed that it took 135 days to reach maturity. Growth rates of fresh weights of involucre and ovary from Cp and Nap, and involucre from Sp and Nop showed pattern of“slow-fast-slow-fast”, while changes in fresh weights of ovary from Sp and Nop showed pattern of “slow-fast-slow”. When the fruit rippen, sizes of involucre and ovary from 4 pollination methods were Cp, Nap, Sp and Nop in a descending order. In terms of bud sitting and fruit abscission, C.henryi that received Nap experienced peaks of fruit abscission twice while those received Sp and Nop experienced peaks three times. Similarly, all peaks occurred 90-105 days after flowering. Rates of bud sitting and seed setting varied greatly among all pollination methods, which were from Cp, Nap, Sp and Nop in a descending order, and those for empty bract were Nop, Sp, Nap and Cp in a descending order. In conclusion, flowering stage （ 0 days after anthesis） and rapid fruit growth period （ 45-60 days and 90-105 days after anthesis） were critical periods for fruit development. Irrigation and fertilization should be emphasized during these stages for maximum yield.

关 键 词：锥栗 果实 生长发育 

分 类 号：S792.17[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S664.2[农业科学—林学]