“习惯”与“业权”:明中叶以降鄱阳湖区的圩田开发与草洲使用纠纷  

Historical Habits and Ownership:the Development of Polders and the Utilization Disputes of Grassland in Poyang Lake Region since the Middle of the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：刘诗古[1] LIU Shi-gu(Department of History , the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, Chin)

机构地区：[1]香港中文大学历史系,香港999077

出　　处：《西华师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2016年第6期1-12,共12页Journal of China West Normal University:Philosophy & Social Sciences

基　　金：香港特别行政区大学教育资助委员会卓越学科领域计划(第五轮)(Ao E/H-01/08);水利部鄱阳湖水资源水生态环境研究中心开放基金项目(kfjj01)

摘　　要：明中叶以后,鄱阳湖南岸的南昌、新建等县在沿湖大量修筑圩堤,新开发出数以万亩的圩田。伴随农作物种植面积的迅速扩大,对于肥料的需求也相应地迅速增加,使得湖洲上自然生长的野草逐渐变为一种"稀缺"资源。一直以来新建与都昌两县百姓共同在被称为"三河草洲"的地方採草肥田,但在新建人正式向王朝纳粮登课之后,都昌人越湖採草的"历史习惯"与新建人对草洲"业权"的主张之间发生冲突。康熙十九年,都昌、新建两县知县曾、杨二人酌定"征银折米"之法,都昌县负责征收草租,移解给新建县,此法一直延续至晚清、民国时期。1949年中共新政权建立之后,草洲、湖港收归国有,废除了明清以来形成的私有产权体系,但新的湖区生产秩序又未能迅速建立,于是沿湖各县的草洲、渔港纠纷大量涌现。在中共政权的介入和调解下,沿湖各县群众签订了大量新的草洲、湖港使用协议。这种"协议治理"的纠纷解决模式,成为新政权应对资源、边界纠纷的主要策略。Since the middle of Ming dynasty, a large number of dikes were built by the counties like Nanchang, Xinjian in the south bank of Poyang Lake, which developed a lot of new farmland and expanded the crop planting area. The demand for fertilizers correspondingly increased rapidly, which makes the lake-grass gradually become scarce goods. The people from Xinjian and Duchang mowed grass together all the time in Sanhe grass land. However, the situation changed when the people of Xinjian formally finished their tax registration, a conflict between the historical habits of the people of Duchang who crossed the lake to mow grass and the people of Xinjian＇ s claims of ownership emerged. After three years of negotiations between Xinjian and Duchang, an institution of ＂Using silver instead of rice to pay＂ was formulated in 1680. From 1680 to the period of Republic of China, Duchang county was responsible for the collection of grass-rent, then transferred it to Xinjian. After 1949, the system of private property right was abolished, the grass lands and lakes were renationalized. Because the new production order was not rapidly established, a lot of disputes emerged again in the grass lands and fishing ports of counties along the lake region Under the intervention and mediation of the Chinese Communist regime, a large number of new agreements were signed by the people of counyies. The model of ＂protocol governance＂ became the main strategy to deal with resources and border disputes.

关 键 词：鄱阳湖 圩田 草洲 习惯 协议治理 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]