2009年苍山水系6条源头河流中的大型底栖动物群落结构季节动态  

Seasonal Dynamics of Structure of Benthic Macroinvertebrates Community in 6 Headwater Streams of River System of Cangshan Mountain in 2009

作　　者：李杨[1,2] 蒋万祥[3] 李斌[1,2] 汪兴中[1] 蔡庆华[1] LI Yang JIANG Wangxiang LI Bin WANG Xingzhong CAI Qinghua(State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P.R.China University of Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R.China College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhnang 277160, Shandong, P.R. China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [2]中国科学院大学,北京108000 [3]枣庄学院生命科学学院,山东枣庄277160

出　　处：《湿地科学》2016年第5期733-739,共7页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项项目(2012ZX07501002-007)资助

摘　　要：2009年2月20～22日、5月22～30日、8月16～19日和11月21～28日,对发源于苍山的6条山地型源头河流中的大型底栖动物群落进行了调查。结果显示,共采集到大型底栖动物68种,隶属6纲46科,其中四节蜉（Baetis sp.）、钩虾（Gammaru sp.）、长跗摇蚊（Tanytarsus sp.）、直突摇蚊（Parakiefferiella sp.）和蚋（Simulium sp.）为6条源头河流的优势类群,在不同采样日采集到的大型底栖动物群落的优势类群组成存在差异;大型底栖动物群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margalef多样性指数的变化规律相似,都是5月22～30日最高,11月21～28日最低,平均值分别为2.65和2.94。大型底栖动物群落的优势功能摄食类群为滤食者、杂食者和收集者。5月22～30日和8月16～19日,滤食者和收集者（〉60%）占优势,11月21～28日和2月20～22日杂食者占据优势（〉40%）。典型对应分析表明,影响大型底栖动物群落结构的环境因子存在差异,而水温是各季节显著影响大型底栖动物群落结构的环境因子之一。Structure of Macroinvertebrates community of 6 headwater streams in headwater streams of Cangshan water system were investigated on February 20-25, May 22-30, August 16-19 and November 21-28,2009. 68 taxa belonging to 6 classes and 46 families were collected. Baetis sp., Gammaru sp., Tanytarsus sp.,Parakiefferiella sp. and Simulium sp. were the dominant species, which annual relative abundances were19.4%, 19.0%, 14.9%, 10.4%, 6.7%. Shannon-Wiener indexes and Margalef diversity indexes were both highest in May 22 to 30 and lowest in November 21 to 28, and the annual mean values were 2.65 and 2.94 respectively. Collector-filterer, omnivore and collector-gatherer were the main components of functional feeding groups in the study area, which annual mean relative abundance were 32.28%, 26.38% and 24.47%. In May22 to 30 and August 16 to 19, collector-filterer and collector-gatherer were dominant with relative abundance above 60%, while omnivore was dominant in November 21 to 28 and February 20 to 25 with relative abundance above 40%. Canonical correspondence analyses showed that the macroinvertebrates communities were determined by different environmental factors among different sampling days of 4 months. Nevertheless, water temperature was a significant factor for all sampling days.

关 键 词：源头河流 大型底栖动物 季节动态 多样性指数 功能摄食类群 环境因子 

分 类 号：Q178[生物学—水生生物学]