某医院2012-2014年医院感染现患率调查分析  

Investigation on Prevalence rates of healthcare-associated infection of a hospital in 3 years

作　　者：郭建华[1] 高俊珂[1] 杨旭[1] 白雪[1] 

机构地区：[1]呼和浩特市第一医院,内蒙古呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《中国消毒学杂志》2016年第11期1096-1099,共4页Chinese Journal of Disinfection

基　　金：内蒙古自然科学基金(2015MS0869)

摘　　要：目的分析呼和浩特市第一医院连续3年医院感染现患率调查结果,评价医院感染管理控制效果。方法采用横断面调查方法,分别于2012、2013、2014年某日组织医院感染现患率调查,相关数据资料进行统计分析。结果连续3年的医院感染现患率分别为2.13%、1.89%和2.78%,各年度间医院感染现患率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.267,P=0.531);重症医学科为医院感染高发科室;感染部位以下呼吸道感染为主;革兰阴性菌居医院感染病原体首位;抗菌药物使用率由2012年的39.55%降低至2013年的29.65%,微生物标本送检率由2012年的36.24%升高至2013年的51.11%,且抗菌药物使用率和微生物标本送检率的改变差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论医院感染横断面调查真实反映了该院医院感染状况,其抗菌药物使用率有所减少,病原学标本送检意识逐渐增强,但仍需加强抗菌药物使用的管理。Objective Analyze the hospital infection prevalence rate in Hohhot First Hospital for 3 years,and evaluate the effect of hospital infection control. Methods a cross - sectional survey was used to, survey the hospital infection prevalence in one day of 2012,2013,2014, the relevant data was analyzed. Results The prevalence rate of nosocomial infections was 2.13% , 1.89% ,2.78% in three consecutive years and there were not significant difference in each years （ χ2 = 1. 267 ,P = 0. 531 ） ,the nosocomial infections were highly prevalent in the critical care medicine department. The lower respiratory tract was the major infection site. The gram - negative bacteria ranked the first place among the pathogens causing nosocomial infections. The utilization rate of antibiotics was decreased form 39.55% in 2012 to 29.65% in 2013. The submission rate of microorganism specimens increased form 36.24% in 2012 to 51.11% in 2013 and antimicrohial usage rates and specimen detection rate were both significantly different （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion The investigation of the cross - sectional survey of nosocomial infections rate can reflect the actual status of prevalence of nosocomial infections. Antimicrohial usage rate decreased, the consciousness of pathogenic detection gradually enhanced, clinical application management of antimi- crohial agents still needs to be strengthened.

关 键 词：医院感染 现患率 抗菌药物 病原体 

分 类 号：R181.32[医药卫生—流行病学]