先秦文章文体研究的几个问题  

Several Issues about the Study of Literary Genre on pre-Qin Articles

作　　者：韩高年[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学文学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2016年第6期85-93,共9页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"礼乐制度变迁与春秋文体源流演变研究"(项目批准号:09BZW020);国家社科基金重大项目"<全先秦汉魏晋南北朝文>编纂整理与研究"(项目批准号:10ZD&103)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：目前学术界对先秦文章文体的研究还很薄弱,这与先秦时期文章文体丰富多样的整体状况极不相称。究其原因,主要是对先秦"文章"概念的界定存在误区,影响到对先秦文章文献的整理范围过于狭窄,进而导致对先秦文章文体的存在样态揭示不够、对先秦时期常见文体的生成机制缺乏理论概括,对一些独有的文体视而不见等问题。其实先秦时期各类文章文体主要是因典礼仪式、朝聘会盟及立言不朽等现实需要而发生的,特定文化语境下的言辞的结撰与发布活动,这些言辞已有独立的语体特征和文类特征,它们大多以被"引述"的方式,载录于经、史、子书之中,成为史家、卿大夫、诸子"言说"的"公共素材"。因此,应当运用刘歆首创,蔡邕、刘勰继之,章学诚、章太炎发扬光大之"裁篇别出之法",裁取见于经、史、子书中的各类文章文体,对其予以归类,并揭示其生成语境、文体特征、文体功能和演变规律。This paper argues that in contemporary academia the study on the literary genre of pre-Qin articles is still very weak,which does not match a rich variety of literary genres in pre-Qin times. The main reason is that the concept of ＂pre-Qin articles ＂ is not well defined and the scope of investigation of the pre-Qin articles is too narrow.Consequently,the existing literary genres of pre-Qin articles are not fully shown,lacking theoretical generalization of the mechanism of familiar genres in pre-Qin times,and some unique ones are overlooked. The author maintains that various literary genres in pre-Qin times are due to writings and issuing activities in specific contexts,such as the ceremonial rite,paying tribute to the emperor and signing the treaty of alliance,and writing for immortality,which had displayed independent features of register and genre,being mainly recorded,in the form of quotation,in classical works,historical works,philosophical works,and belles-lettres,and become public materials used by historians,senior officials and representatives of different schools of thoughts. Therefore we should adopt an approach called＂select articles in a book and merge into new categories according to literary genre,＂invented by Liu Xin,inherited by Cai Yong and Liu Xie,and carried forward by Zhang Xuecheng and Zhang Taiyan,based on various literary genres from classical works,historical works,philosophical works,and belles-lettres,and group the pre-Qin articles into different categories. The purpose is to reveal the contexts of their birth,the characteristics and function of the literary genres and the set norms of their evolvement.

关 键 词：先秦文章 文体研究 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]