论美国制度霸权与规范霸权的护持战略  

On America's Strategy of Maintaining Institutional and Normative Hegemony

作　　者：潘亚玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学美国研究中心,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2016年第6期153-164,共12页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：笔者承担的2016年度上海市社科规划一般项目"美国重建制度能力的战略和政策及我应对方略研究"(项目批准号:2016BGJ003)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：尽管仍存在争论,但美国霸权的衰落正日益受到关注。需要指出的是,美国霸权的衰落一方面是相对于新兴大国的群体性崛起而言,具有相对性;另一方面则主要集中于经济领域,具有局部性。由于高度相互依赖使通过战争实现体系转型已近乎不可能,美国利用其尚存优势阻碍、延缓甚或引导国际体系的转型便更为可能。因此,通过维持甚至强化制度霸权与规范霸权以实现霸权重振的大战略目标,既能有效实现战略节约和战略集中,又能为经济霸权的复苏争取更多时间。美国制度霸权与规范霸权的护持战略主要包括三个方面:在其仍占据重大优势的全球政治—安全领域,防御性地维持传统地位,尤其是在联合国安理会及其改革问题上;在其处于相对衰落的全球经济领域,通过进攻性地升级全球贸易、投资规则,确保美国在下一时期全球发展中的优势地位;而在日益重要的全球治理新领域,特别是全球发展、气候变化等领域,受制于其相对削弱的物质能力和尚未确立的制度霸权,美国以抢占道德高地入手,确保未来的规范和机制对其最为有利。可以认为,美国对制度霸权和规范霸权的护持已形成了一个涵盖维持、升级与抢占这三个层次的立体战略,在巩固国际权势斗争的传统战线的同时,也使国际权势斗争从物质竞争转向制度和思想竞争,潜在地改变了新兴大国崛起的战略环境。The argument about American hegemony decline is increasingly noticed by the international community even still under hot debates. It is important to note that such a decline has two features： on one hand,it is a relative trend when comparing the development trends of America and emerging powers,but America＇s own development trend still keeps the same; on the other hand,it is only an economic phenomenon since America＇s military,institutional,and normative dominative status is still there. Given the fact that it is impossible to facilitate international system transition through waging war because of high level of interdependency,there is higher possibility for America to revitalize its global hegemony through maintaining and even strengthening its institutional and normative hegemony. America ＇s strategy of maintaining institutional and normative hegemony includes three pillars： defensively maintaining its traditional advantages in global political and security area,especially in UN and UN Security Council reforms;aggressively updating global trade and investment institutions and norms for keeping leading role in global economic system; and selectively struggling for moral highland in emerging fields of global governance given the facts of relative declining power and immature institutional and normative structures in these areas,for example,global development and climate change. America ＇s strategy in maintaining institutional and normative hegemony is a trinity of maintaining,updating,and grabbing,which not only consolidate the traditional frontier of international power struggle,but also creating new frontiers through moving them from physical competition to institutional and intellectual competitions that will potentially change the strategic environments of the rising of emerging powers.

关 键 词：美国 制度霸权 规范霸权 维持战略 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学]